基于美国国家课程标准的体育素养评价指标体系内容、特点及启示

The Content,Characteristics and Enlightenment of the Physical Literacy Assessment Index System Based on American National Curriculum Standards

文章旨在分析基于美国国家课程标准的体育素养评价指标体系PE Metrics内容及其特点,提出对我国体育素养评价启示。研究表明:美国体育素养评价提出的背景包括国际热潮、健康危机和素养评价,其发展经历了初步探索期(1983-1999年)、快速发展期(2000-2012年)和成熟稳定期(2013年至今),可被应用于国家大规模体育素养测评、教师课堂教学和学生体育学习参照三种不同情境;美国体育素养评价指标体系包含了面向多方利益相关者的三维目标体系、五位一体的评价内容、多元的评价方法以及K-12一体化的三维评价标准,具有以美国国家课程标准和年级水平成果为导向、以身心一元的整体性融合五维评价模块、以师生主体间性形成体育素养评价的双中心模式、以共同要素为基础在评价内容间形成迁移的特点。最后基于核心素养评价的角度,从评价目标、评价内容、评价方法、评价标准四个方面提出了美国体育素养评价指标体系对我国的启示。

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the content and characteristics of PE metrics,namely,the physical literacy assessment index system based on American national curriculum standards,and expoundits enlightenment for physical literacy evaluation in China.The research shows that:American physical literacy assessmentindex system was adopted under the background of international upsurge,health crisis and literacy assessment.It has undergone the initial exploration period(1983-1999),the rapid development period(2000-2012)and the mature and stable period(2013 to present),and can be applied to 3 different situations:national large-scale physical literacy assessment,teachers’classroom teaching and students’physical education learning;taking into consideration of the interests of multiple stakeholders,it is composed a three-dimensional objective system,five-in-one assessment content,diverseassessment methods,and three-dimensional assessment criteria for K-12 physical education.It is characterized by integrating the five-dimensional assessment modules targeted at the overall assessment of American national curriculum standards,grade-level outcomes,and physical-mental integrity,constructing a dual-centered model of physical education assessment based on the inter-subjectivity between teachers and students,and applying in a flexible way the assessment content based on common elements.Finally,from the perspective of core competencies assessment,this paper expoundsthe enlightenment of American physical literacy assessment index system for China from the four aspects of assessment objective,assessment content,assessment method and assessmentstandard.