马克思恩格斯体育观的逻辑进路、主要论域及意义

Marx-Engels Thought on Sports:Logical Approach,Major Domain and Significance

马克思恩格斯体育观一直是常论常新的议题。文章在综述以往研究的基础上,根据新材料,使用新视角,展开对马克思恩格斯体育观的全景考察。研究表明,马克思恩格斯体育观是反映其社会历史理论整体逻辑的体育观点的集合。这一理论坚持历史唯物主义“身体—劳动”方法论范式,在“人的存在”问题域中探寻从“人的劳动”通往“人的解放”的身体实现形式。体育的本质就是审美地以身体感性实现人的本质占有的活动形式,是每个人实现全面自由发展的重要标志。马恩体育观涉猎了体育的本质、功能和价值等主要论域,在关于身体与劳动、体育的审美和教育功能、体育对个人全面发展的价值等诸多方面都有着精彩的论述。其主要贡献在于从社会历史发展角度第一次深刻阐明了身体与劳动之间的关系,阐明了身体教育在人的全面发展中的重要价值,以及体育对于无产阶级和社会发展需要的重要意义。马恩关于体育的思想开启了西方马克思主义关注身体、关注身体与人的关系的时代,对于20世纪60年代以后西方哲学最终转向身体哲学具有重要的影响。马克思恩格斯体育观对今天正确理解体育的本质,全面把握体育的当代价值和功能,促进新时代中国特色社会主义体育理论发展具有强大的理论和现实指导意义。

Marx-Engels thought on sports is a frequently discussed topic.Based on an overview of the major achievements and existing problems of previous studies,this paper conducts a panoramic survey of Marx-Engels thought on sports using new materials and new perspective.It is found that Marx-Engels thought on sports is a set of opinions that reflect the overall logic of their socio-historical theories.This thought,adhering to the"body-labor"methodology paradigm of historical materialism,explores the ways by which"human labor"leads to"human emancipation"in the domain of"human existence".Sports in essence are a form of activity that aesthetically and sensually realizes the real possession of human being and is an important sign of the full and free development of every human being.Marx’s and Engels’thought on sports involves the essence,function and value of sports,and has many wonderful discussions on such issues as the body and labor,the aesthetic and educational functions of sports,and the value of sports in promoting the all-round development of individuals.Their thought is the first attempt from the perspective of socio-historical development to clarify the relationship between the body and labor,the important value of sports in the all-round development of human beings and the significance of sports in meeting the needs of the proletariat and social development.Marx-Engels thought on sports opened an era when Western Marxism started to pay attention to the body and the relationship between the body and human beings,and had an important influence on the final turn of Western philosophy to body philosophy since the 1960 s.Therefore,Marx-Engels thought on sports has great theoretical and practical significance in understanding the essence of sports,comprehensively grasping the contemporary value and function of sports,and promoting the development of socialist sports theories with Chinese characteristics in the new era.