废旧电池电解液回收及高值化利用研发进展

Research progress on the recovery and high-value utilization of spent electrolyte from lithium-ion batteries

随着技术进步和规模生产效应的呈现,锂离子电池成本快速下降,促使其在诸多领域获得广泛的应用。锂离子电池富含能源金属和战略元素,其使用寿命一般为6~8年,如不对退役后的锂电池进行妥善回收处理,将造成巨大资源浪费和严重环境污染。科研人员已对富含有价金属元素的正极材料的回收开展了相对较多的研究。作为电池四大关键材料之一,电解液富含碳酸酯溶剂和六氟磷酸锂(LiPF_(6)),如能将其回收并转化为高值产品将具有重大环保意义及经济效益。本文归纳了已报道的电解液回收技术和工艺,以便有效推动该领域的健康发展,并对其面临的挑战及未来发展趋势进行分析和展望。

Lithium-ion batteries are being extensively used in numerous fields in terms of rapid reduction in production cost,which is primarily due to the technology development and effect of large-scale production.Several spent lithium-ion batteries will be generated,as their service life usually ranges from 6 to 8 years.The spent lithium-ion batteries,which generally contain rich energy metals and strategic elements,should be treated properly to avoid the waste of valuable energy element resources and environmental pollution.The recovery of cathodes that contain rich valuable metal elements has been intensively investigated and wellreviewed.As one of the four major materials of battery,electrolyte contains carbonate solvents and lithium hexafluorophosphate(LiPF_(6))salt.It will be of both environmental protection and economic effectiveness once the spent electrolyte could be recovered and transformed into high-value products.This study will review the developed electrolyte recovery technologies and processes to efficiently improve the healthy development of the lithium-ion battery technique.Furthermore,its chal enges and future development trends wil also be summarized and prospected.