民间苯教文献“夏当”初探——以卓尼车巴沟阿尼家藏“贡则夏伊”(■)为核心

A Preliminary Study on"bya-rdang",a Literature of the Bon Religion-focusing on the literature"kong-tse-bya-rdang"collected by a family named A-nye in Chebagou District,Zhuoni County,Gansu Province

近年来在甘、青、川地区发现了大量民间苯教文献,在这些名目庞杂的文献中,“夏当”(■)仪轨文献始终是出现率较高的主题之一,但在已出版文献中,未按科仪知识类型或未系统的对仪轨文本进行整理与分类。甘肃省卓尼县车巴沟地区发现的“夏当”仪轨文献即“贡则夏易”(■),不同于其它地区发现的文本,具有一定的系统性和结构性。文章试图从文本及其仪轨的相互演绎研究“夏当”文献范畴及仪轨程式的进路,通过对“贡则夏易”文本内容的梳理、仪式过程的观察和仪式主持人“阿尼”(■)的访谈相结合的方法,对当地“夏当”仪轨文献的内容、结构和特点进行分析。认为此文本可以为研读其它民间苯教文献提供辅助和校补作用外,其中的稀有文本还可为研究斯巴苯教提供新的资料,对全面认知鸟类仪式作用开拓视野。

In recent years,the collection and sorting of the folk Bon literature has been carried out in full swing,and a large number of folk house-collected ancient Tibetan documents have been published.On the contrary,the case studies of folk ancient Tibetan Bon literature are relatively deserted,and the interpretation and research of ritual literature is especially rare.This article focuses on the study of"bya-rdang",a literature of Bon reli⁃gion"inherited from the family collection of a Bon priest named A-nye in Chebagou District,Zhuoni County,Gansu Province.A preliminary discussion was made on the writing characteristics and document value of the book.On this basis,the specific reference of the term"bya-rdang"and the general category of the"bya-rdang"literature are defined.At the same time,a preliminary study on the symbolic identity and symbolic meaning of the"Chadang(bya-rdang)Ritual"was also conducted.