在东西方文明古国与吐蕃的早期接触中吐火罗的作用及其影响

The Role of Tocharain the Early Recognition of Ancient Civilizations of the East and the West to Tibet

文章通过藏汉文献资料比较研究来梳理藏文史料中吐火罗概念与吐火罗的历史地理方位的记述,探寻吐火罗地区与藏族地区间存在的相同相似风俗习惯。在此基础上,通过引证西方藏学家考证的古希腊历史学家希罗多德笔下的早期在印度北部沙漠中淘金的印度人(Indians)即“藏族人”,藏汉史料里中原汉地高僧、使者在丝绸之路上通过吐火罗等地往来于西藏的记载,以及藏文史书内关于藏族上古时期对于周边主要文明古国认知的大略记述,认为前吐蕃王朝时期东西方文明古国通过吐火罗等地对藏民族有所认知,并存在文化往来。

Based ona comparative study of Tibetan and Han's documents,this article firstly teases out the records of Tochara,its history and geographical location in the Tibetan historical materials,and explores the common cus⁃toms and habits of Tocharian and Tibetan areas.And then some historical records are cited,for instance,a writ⁃ing of Herodotus,an ancient Greek historian,in which he wrote about the Indian gold diggers in the desert of northern India in ancient time,but according to some Tibetologist abroad,"the Indians"are actually"Tibetans",and the records of Han monks and envoys from central plaincoming back and forth to Tibet on the Silk Road through Tochara and other places in Tibetan and Han historical materials,as well as the records of the ancient Ti⁃betan people's recognition of the major ancient civilizations in the Tibetan historical books.These records show that the ancient civilizations of the East and the west acquainted themselves with the Tibetan people through Tucharian and others,and there were cultural exchanges between them in the pre-Tubo dynasty.