试论民初黑龙江省清丈兼招垦局

On Land Measuring and Reclamation Bureau of Heilongjiang Province in the Early Period of the Republic of China

自19世纪中期以来,由于外来侵略日益加深,中国东北边疆危机随之而逐渐加剧.为应对危机,清政府执行了东北移民实边政策,重心在于招关内之民垦关外之荒,以使土地与人口密切结合,改变边疆地区空虚、落后之面貌,以免外来之觊觎.民国北洋政府承继统治权力后,继续执行并进一步加大该政策之力度,地处东三省最北部的黑龙江省因而成立了清丈兼招垦局,由该机构具体推行招民垦荒之事宜,并取得了相应的业绩.

Since the mid-19 th century,with the continuous foreign aggression,the crisis in China’s northeastern frontier has gradually intensified.In response to the crisis,the Qing government implemented a policy of immigration to the Northeast to consolidate the border.The focus of this policy is to recruit the people inside Shanhaiguan to reclaim the wasteland outside,so that the land and the population can be closely integrated to change the empty and backward appearance of the frontier areas,and to avoid foreign countries’coveting.After inheriting the ruling power,the Beiyang government continued to implement and further strengthened the policy,and established the Land Measuring and Reclamation Bureau in Heilongjiang Province,which is located in the northernmost part of the three northeastern provinces,to specifically promote the issue of land measuring and reclamation,and achieved corresponding results.