中国儿童多维贫困的水平、趋势与模式研究——基于2013—2018年CHIP数据的证据

Levels, Trends, and Patterns of Multidimensional Child Poverty in China: Evidence from CHIP 2013 and 2018 Data

基于2013年和2018年的中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)数据,本文分析了中国儿童多维贫困的水平、趋势和模式,并将其与儿童收入贫困进行比较。本文采用Alkire-Foster(AF)方法从七个维度来测算中国儿童的多维贫困,采用国家官方贫困线界定收入贫困。结果表明,不论在2013年还是2018年,农村、城市和流动人口群体中的儿童多维贫困率远远高于收入贫困率。与城市和流动儿童相比,农村儿童更可能处于贫困状态,无论是多维贫困还是收入贫困或者两者兼而有之。2013年至2018年期间,儿童多维及收入贫困率都有所下降,其城乡差距亦有所缩减。不论是2013年还是2018年,户主的低教育程度、居住于农村或西部地区与儿童处于贫困状态的几率均高度相关。本文对中国2020年后的社会政策议程以及提升儿童福祉提出了重要建议。

Using the China Household Income Project(CHIP) 2013 and 2018 data, this research examines the levels, trends and patterns of multidimensional child poverty in China and investigates how they compare with child income poverty. Multidimensional child poverty is estimated using the Alkire-Foster method and measured by seven dimensions, including water, sanitation, facilities,shelter, education, health, information, and consumer durables. Income poverty is estimated based on the official national rural poverty line of 2,300 yuan in 2010 prices. Our findings show that multidimensional child poverty rate was much higher than the income poverty rate across rural, urban,and migrant populations and in both 2013 and 2018, despite both child multidimensional and income poverty rates declining substantially from 2013 to 2018. Rural children were persistently more likely to be in poverty – either multidimensional or income poverty or both – than their urban and migrant peers, although this gap narrowed from 2013 to 2018. Child multidimensional poverty overlapped with income poverty to some extent, and the overlap was greater in 2013 than in 2018. In both years, low educational attainment of household head, having rural residential status, and residing in the western region of China were persistently associated with greater odds of children being both multidimensional and income poor. This research provides important implications and recommendations for post-2020social policy agenda as well as the improvement of children’s well-being in China.