国外中小学劳动教育评价的现状述评

A Review on the Status Quo of Labor Education Evaluation in Primary and Secondary Schools Abroad

在新时代背景下,通过探讨世界各国关于中小学劳动教育经验中可借鉴的理念与做法,更好地回答中小学劳动教育“为何评”“评什么”“如何评”这三个关键问题,对推进我国劳动教育的有效实施至关重要。关于“为何评”,国际上存在中小学劳动教育评价目标指向“公民培养、职业启蒙与技能培养、生活能力”三种价值取向;关于“评什么”,主要存在素养主导型、能力主导型和生活主导型三类教育评价内容;关于“如何评”,世界各国多采用直接评价和间接渗透式评价两种方式。展望未来,中小学劳动教育评价目标应凸显育人性,进一步体现时代性和实用性,并采用与学科素养紧密结合的评价方法和手段,倡导多样性的评价形式。

To promote China’s labor education in the new era,it is crucial to answer three main questions of“why”“what”and“how”to evaluate labor education through the discussion on the concepts and practices that are used in primary and secondary schools around the world.Start with the question of“why we should make evaluations.”There are three value orientations in the international community,which target to“citizen cultivation,vocational enlightenment and skills development,and life competency”in labor education.Then comes the question of“what contents need to be evaluated.”There are three types of evaluation approaches based on competency,capability and life experience.The last question is“how to make evaluations.”Usually,both direct and indirect methods are adopted.Looking forward to the future,the evaluation goals of labor education in primary and secondary schools should highlight the nature of humanity,reflect the pace of the times and practicability,and adopt the evaluation methods and means that are closely integrated with students’academic literacy,which also advocate diverse evaluation forms.