论朱熹的诗教观:经理合一 会通博综--基于《诗经》和《四书》的研究

Zhu Xi’s Poetry Enlightening View:Integration of Confucian Classic and Neo-Confucianism--An Exploration Based on The Four Books and The Book of Songs

朱熹的诗教思想在其理论体系中具有形而上意义,通过日用工夫涵养、复归本心,以启明广大生民之本心,通达大道。为充分发挥《诗经》的教化作用,使其与集理学之大成的《四书》学融贯为一整体,朱熹的治经重心与前儒相比有所转移,将义理阐释作为解经旨归之一,引理入经。“思无邪论”“淫诗说”“反美刺论”等诗教观使《诗经》文本脱离政教桎梏,在回归本义的基础上施展教化。探究朱熹诗教观在《四书》中的呈现,可以经鉴理,发掘其背后的义理主线。经与理的密切关联深化了经学的思想底蕴,更优化了理学的教化效果。朱熹在经学理学化方面的努力使其思想体系更具整全性。

Under Zhu Xi’s ideological system,the civilization offered by The Book of Songs has its metaphysical significance.By devoting time to self-cultivation on a daily basis,and returning to one’s true heart,the mass could go back to their original aspiration and reach the realm of Dao.In order to give full play to the enlightenment function of The Book of Songs,so as to integrate the idea of the book into The Four Books(a masterpiece of neo-Confucianism),Zhu Xi shifted his studying focus of it.Different from his Confucian predecessors,Zhu Xi conducted philosophical interpretation of the argumentation of the classics as one of his purposes and introduced the theory of neo-Confucianism into it.His poetry enlightening views,such as“Theory of Si Wu Xie”,“Discussions on Yin”and“Theory against Mei Ci”,make poetry free from the shackles of political indoctrination,and cultivated education on account of returning to the original meaning.Exploring the presentation of Zhu Xi’s poetry enlightening views in The Four Books,the Neo-Confucianism would be revealed,and its main lines of the philosophy discovered based on the study of Confucian classics.The close relationship between Confucian classics and Neo-Confucianism consolidates the ideological foundation of the former and optimizes the education function of the latter.Zhu Xi’s efforts to integrate the idea of Confucian classics with Neo-Confucianism has made his ideological system more comprehensive.