基于河北省河道采砂规划的砂石供需分析

Analysis on sand supply and demand based on river sand excavation in Hebei Province

基于2012—2018年河北省采砂规划报告统计分析,通过卫星遥感影像和实地勘测数据的修正,总结出河北省内不同水系采砂河道现状与开采范围、特点,估算不同地市已编制采砂规划的河流(河段)控制开采量的剩余储量。利用河北省散装水泥消耗和水泥产量,并结合砂石其他供应量,综合估算出河北省内各地市年均砂石需求量,以此进行各地市供需分析。针对砂石供需矛盾进行原因分析,并提出有序推进河砂资源替代利用、加快推行采砂统一经营模式、结合河道治理合理利用有限的砂石资源、探索推进水库淤积砂开采利用等建议,控制河砂的无序、不合理开采,以期为河北省采砂及管理提供一定参考。

Large-scale mining of river sand and gravel in Hebei Province had been going on for many years.At present,the total amount of controlled mining of some river channels with sand mining planning in Hebei Province had been nearly exhausted.However,with the accelerated pace of urban construction and infrastructure construction in Hebei Province,the demand for sand and stone continued to grow in the near and long term.Under the driving of high interests,various illegal sand mining activities were increasingly intensified,and the contradiction between supply and demand of sand and stone is increasingly prominent.Reasonably protecting,exploring,utilizing of river sand resources and promoting the institutionalization and standardization of river sand mining management were important links to realize the ecological environment protection and ecological restoration of rivers and lakes in Hebei Province.The data of sand excavation plan in Hebei Province were collated and analyzed,and by which,the current situation of rivers in each water system,the range and characteristics of sand extraction in Hebei were definited.The sand mining planning data approved by Hebei Province and various cities from 2012 to 2018 were used for statistics,the satellite remote sensing image was used for analyzing,and the field survey results were used for correction.By which,the remaining reserves of controlled mining amount of river(river section)with sand mining planning in different prefectures and cities in the province were estimated.Taking the mass ratio of cement to sand and gravel 1∶1.49 as the ratio,and using the statistical data of bulk cement consumption in various cities and prefectures of Hebei Province from 2014 to 2017,the supply of sand and gravel in Beijing and Tianjin and other uses of sand and gravel in Hebei Province were comprehensively considered to be corrected,the sand and gravel consumption and annual average demand in Hebei Province were estimated.According to the estimation results,the supply and demand relationship of river sand in Hebei Province was quantitatively analyzed.The results were as follows:The planned sand mining channels in Hebei Province were mainly distributed in mountainous areas and piedmont plain,the number of planned channels for sand mining in alluvial plain area was relatively small,and the areas with better sand quality are mostly located in the piedmont plain.The main mining method was dry-mining.The actual remaining reserves of controlled sand mining in Hebei Province is about 389 million cubic meters after deducting the remaining reserves in difficult-to exploit areas and a small amount of remaining reserves in Langfang City.There were significant differences in the distribution of sand and gravel residual reserves in different cities:Shijiazhuang,Baoding,Xingtai sand reserves are less;The amount of sand and gravel mining in Handan river was relatively small;In Tangshan,Qinhuangdao,Zhangjiakou river channel,the proportion of controlled sand and gravel mining surplus was large,while in Langfang,Cangzhou and Hengshui area,the remaining sand and gravel reserves were very small and difficult to use.In the future,the sand and gravel mining in Hebei Province will be mainly based on the planned residual reserves.The average annual sand and gravel demand in Hebei Province was estimated to be 117 million cubic meters.The average annual demand for sand in Shijiazhuang,Baoding,Xingtai and Handan was large,the available supply of sand and gravel was increasingly severe,and with the construction of Xiongan New Area,the supply gap of sand and gravel was huge in the future;The remaining reserves in Tangshan,Chengde and Zhangjiakou could meet the sand and gravel supply for more than 5 years;Cangzhou,Hengshui,Langfang and Qinhuangdao were relatively short of sand and stone resources,and they mainly used external sand and stone resources,which will produce sand and stone supply pressure on surrounding cities.On the contradiction analysis of the imbalance between supply and demand,the reasons were mainly concentrated in three points:after years of continuous sand mining,the river resources that could supply high-quality sand and gravel in Hebei Province were nearly exhausted,especially in the piedmont plain area;most of the river channels in the province had not compiled the channel sand mining and regulation planning and annual implementation plan,resulting in the channel sand could not be mined at present;some counties and cities had banned the mining of rivers under their jurisdiction,which lead to the ineffective use of sand and stone resources within their jurisdiction,and these cities need to purchase sand and stone.Given the contradiction between supply and demand,three advice was put forward,just as following:Accelerate the implementation of river regulation plan,strictly implement the river chief system and lake chief system,and ensure the implementation of the plan;Establish and perfect channel sand mining management system,accelerate the implementation of sand mining unified management mode,through the unified management of sand mining,strengthen the supply of sand and reduce the external purchase of sand and gravel;replace river sand with machine-made sand and reduce demand for river sand by broadening supply sources.Some references were provided for controlling the irrational flow of river sand in Hebei Province and regulating the operation and management of sand mining.