体系化思维对民事裁判统一性的内在约束--以《民法典》适用为视角

Internal Restriction of Systematic Thinking on the Unity of Civil Adjudication--From the Perspective of the Application of the Civil Code

《民法典》以法律关系为“轴”进行编订纂修,有机整合了《合同法》《物权法》《侵权责任法》等9部民事单行法,构建了完整系统的规范体系。《民法典》的体系化,要求人民法院根据诉争法律关系的性质,依据特别规定优于一般规定、上位规定优于下位规定、新的规定优于旧的规定等规则“找法”;在找到可供适用的法律规范后,要充分发挥《民法典》的体系化功能,综合考虑外在规范体系和内在价值体系“释法”;在没有找到可供直接适用的法律规范的情况下,要根据体系化功能填补法律漏洞。

The civil code takes legal relations as the"axis"to compile,organically integrates nine separate civil laws,such as the contract law,the property law,and the tort liability law,and constructs a complete and systematic normative system.The systematization of the civil code requires the people’s court to"find an applicable legal norm"according to the nature of the legal relationship between litigation and dispute,and according to the rules that special provisions are superior to general provisions,upper provisions are superior to lower provisions,and new provisions are superior to old provisions;after finding applicable legal norms,the people’s court should give full play to the systematic function of the civil code,and comprehensively consider the"interpretation"of the external norm system and the internal value system;in the absence of directly applicable legal norms,legal loopholes should be filled according to systematic functions.