日本刑事法官是如何判案的

How Japanese Criminal Judges Decide Cases

刑事审判中,如何释法说理是一个重要问题。日本刑事裁判中的三个做法值得我们研究和借鉴。一是讲政治,即在案件的审理上,考虑大是大非的政治问题,对和政治思想有关的劳动、公安、教育事件从严、强调秩序,相反地,在没有政治色彩的一般事件上则重视人权、大胆审判;二是讲道理,即将法律问题技术化,通过抽象肯定、具体否定,对不明确的法律用语进行扩张或者限缩解释,以对现实中的事实进行涵摄;三是讲传统,即不盲从理论,而是将审判实践中的有益传统上升为理论,并引领理论发展。

In criminal trials,how to interpret the law and reason is an important issue.Three practices in Japanese criminal adjudication are worthy of our study and reference.The first is to stress politics,that is,in the trial of cases,considering the major political issues of right and wrong,being strict with labor,public security and education cases related to political thought,and emphasizing order.On the contrary,in ordinary matters without political color,paying attention to human rights and boldly trying.The second is to be reasonable,that is,to technicalize legal issues,expanding or limiting the interpretation of unclear legal terms through abstract affirmation and concrete negation,so as to contain the facts in reality.The third is to stress tradition,that is,not blindly following the theory,but raising the beneficial tradition in trial practice to theory and leading the development of theory.