《民法典》第496条(格式条款的定义与订入控制)评注

Commentary on the Article 496 of the Civil Code(Definition of the Standard Terms and the Control over the Conclusion)

《民法典》第496条两款规定了格式条款的定义和订入控制。格式条款的构成要件,包括预先拟定、重复使用的目的和未与对方协商。其中,拟定方不限于合同当事人,未与对方协商则强调相对人只能表示同意与否,无法改变条款的内容。订入控制是在合同的一般订立规则之上,添加了格式条款使用人的提示与说明义务。就提示义务的对象,“有重大利害关系的条款”应解释为异常条款。提示方式的合理性要考虑提示的方法、时间和程度等,同时有必要区分纸质和网络载体。说明义务以相对方请求为前提。格式条款的订入需要相对方的同意,同意可以明示或者默示方式作出,但概括同意不能使未经提示、说明的条款成立。违反提示、说明义务或相对方没有同意时,格式条款未成立,不订入合同。

The two subparagraphs of article 496 of the Civil Code stipulate the definition of standard terms and the control over their conclusion.The elements of standard terms include:be drawn up in advance,for repeated use,and not negotiated with the other party.It doesn’t need to be drawn by parties of the contract.The appropriate meaning of"not negotiated with the other party",is that the other party could only agree or disagree the terms,but couldn’t modify them.The control over the conclusion is based on the general rules,adding the duty to call attention and duty to explain.The terms on which the attention should be called are the onerous or unusual ones.The"reasonable manner"of this duty should consider the methods,time and degree,and should distinguish the paper form and the net one if necessary.The precondition of the duty to explain,is the other party’s request.The conclusion of standard terms requires the consent of the other party,either through expressing directly or implicating.However,the consent in general couldn’t make the terms not called or not explained enter into the contract.When the above duties are violated,or the consent is absent,the standard terms are not concluded.