过度劳动对流动农村人口健康教育的“挤出效应”研究

Overtime working squeezes out the health education opportunities of migrating labors from rural areas

目的 研究过度劳动对流动农村人口健康教育服务利用水平的影响,为改善过度劳动状况,提高流动农村人口健康教育水平,提升健康素养提供参考。方法 基于2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,运用Probit模型、倾向得分匹配、逆概率加权和具有回归调整的逆概率加权、遗漏变量检验方法进行分析。结果 过度劳动对于流动农村人口的健康教育接受水平存在“挤出效应”。Probit模型结果显示,过度劳动的系数为-0.067,且在1%水平上显著,即过度劳动越严重,越不可能接受健康教育服务。倾向得分匹配中近邻匹配、半径匹配、局部线性匹配ATT值为-0.018、-0.018、-0.012,对应的T值的绝对值均大于1.96临界值,且在5%的水平上显著,IPW与IPWRA的ATT值与PSM计算结果接近,表明过度劳动对流动农村人口健康教育服务利用水平具有显著的负向影响。最后进行遗漏变量检验后,结果依然稳健。异质性分析发现,过度劳动对流动农村人口的健康教育服务利用水平存在教育程度、地区、平均月收入、职业差异。结论 过度劳动对流动农村人口的健康教育服务利用水平具有显著的负向影响。应关注流动农村人口的过度劳动,加强劳动保护的管理监督,增强健康教育的宣传,提升流动农村人口健康意识和健康素养。

Objective To explore the impact of overtime working on the utilization of health education service among migrating labors from rural areas, and to provide reference for improving the health education level and health literacy of migrating labors from rural areas. Methods Probit model, propensity score matching, inverse probability weighting, inverse probability weighting with regression adjustment and omitted variable test were used to analyze the data obtained from the national migrating population dynamic monitoring survey in 2017. Results Overtime working might negatively affect the utilization of health education of migrating labors from rural areas.Probit model results showed that the coefficient of being overworked was-0.067, which was significant at 1% level, meaning that migrating labors were less likely to receive health education services if they overtime worked.The ATT values of nearest neighbor matching, radius matching and local linear matching in propensity score matching were-0.018,-0.018 and-0.012, respectively, and the absolute values of corresponding T values were all greater than the cutoff value of 1.96 and was significant at 5% level.The ATT values of IPW and IPWRA were close to the calculated results of PSM, indicating that overtime working had a significant negative impact on the utilization of health education services among migrating labors.All the above results were validated by omitted variable test.The heterogeneity analysis showed that the effect ofovertime working on the utilization of health education services varied among migrating labors with different education, occupati on, monthly income and from different regions. Conclusions Overtime working has a signific antnegativeeffect on the utilization level of health education services of migrating labors from rural areas.Weshou ld strengthen the management and supervision of labor protection, enhance the publicity of health education,and promot e the health awareness and health literacy of the migrating labors from rural areas.