祖辈与父辈家长对学龄前儿童体重感知及其影响因素差异性分析

Parental misperception on bodyweight of preschool children and its influencing factors

目的探讨祖辈家长与父辈家长对学龄前儿童体重感知及其影响因素的差异。方法2020年5月—2021年6月,选择上海市浦东新区3~6岁学龄前儿童的祖辈家长或父辈家长进行问卷调查。为了均衡组间混杂因素,采用1∶2倾向性评分匹配形成祖辈组(90份)和父辈组(180份)。结果家长对学龄前儿童体重感知偏差的发生率为43.70%(118/270),其中低估儿童体重水平的占89.83%(106/118),感知体质量水平与实际体质量水平的一致性较差(κ=0.110,P<0.01)。祖辈组与父辈组在体重感知偏差方面差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.393,P=0.822)。二元logistic回归分析显示:对祖辈家长来说,男童(OR=2.59,P=0.043)和儿童超重或肥胖(OR=3.50,P=0.042)是低估儿童体质量水平的独立危险因素;对父辈家长来说,儿童超重或肥胖(OR=3.20,P=0.007)是低估儿童体质量水平的独立危险因素。结论祖辈、父辈家长对学龄前儿童的体重感知准确率均较低,且都更容易低估超重或肥胖儿童体重水平;与父辈家长不同,祖辈家长更容易低估男童体质量水平。

Objective To explore the difference of misperception between grandparents and parents on bodyweight of their preschool children, and to discuss its influencing factors. Methods From May 2020 to June 2021, grandparents/parents of preschoolers aged 3-6 years in Pudong New Area of Shanghai were recruited and a questionnaire survey was conducted. In order to balance the confounders between groups, the propensity score matching with a ratio of 1∶2 was applied to form grandparents group(n=90) and the parents group(n=180). Results The overall parental misperception rate for child’s weight was 43.70%(n=118), with 89.83% of underestimation, and the consistency between actual and perceived weight status was poor(κ=0.110, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in weight misperception between grandparents and parents(χ^(2)=0.610, P=0.737). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that boys(OR=2.59, P=0.043) and childhood overweight/obesity(OR=3.50, P=0.042) were independent risk factors for weight underestimation of grandparents, while childhood overweight/obesity(OR=3.20, P=0.007) was independent risk factors for weight underestimation of parents. Conclusions Both grandparents and parents have low accuracy rate in perceiving preschooler’s weight status, who tend to underestimate their child’s weight especially for those overweight or obese. Grandparents are more likely to underestimate boys weight than girls.