政策工具视角下我国深入开展爱国卫生运动政策文本量化分析研究

A quantitative analysis of the policy texts of the patriotic sanitation campaign in China from the perspective of policy tools theory

目的分析我国政府关于深入开展爱国卫生运动的最新政策文件,为优化相关政策提供参考。方法基于政策工具理论,从基本政策工具和政策全周期管理两个维度对2020年国务院印发的《关于深入开展爱国卫生运动的意见》及其相关国家级配套文件进行分析。结果在基本政策工具维度上,以供给型政策工具和环境型政策工具为主,所占比例分别为43.56%(44/101)和51.49%(52/101);需求型政策工具为辅,占4.95%(5/101)。在政策全周期管理维度上,以政策实施为主,占77.23%(78/101);以政策规划、政策监督、政策评价为辅,所占比例分别为11.88%(12/101)、6.93%(7/101)和3.96%(4/101)。需求型、供给型和环境型政策工具在政策全周期管理维度上均有覆盖。结论我国深入开展爱国卫生运动的最新政策工具分布合理,紧密结合爱国卫生运动的政策特点,以供给型和环境型政策工具为主,且覆盖了政策规划、实施、监督、评价的全周期管理维度,可为爱国卫生运动深入开展提供有力的政策保障,未来还需加强需求型政策工具的应用。

Objective To analyze the latest core policy documents of the Chinese government on deeply carry-ing out the patriotic sanitation campaign,to provide reference for optimizing relevant policies.Methods Based on policy tools theory,The Opinions on Deepening the Patriotic Sanitation Campaign issued by the State Council in 2020 and its relevant national supporting documents were analyzed from the dimensions of basic policy tools and policy full cycle management.Results In the basic policy tools dimension,the policy texts were mainly supply-o-riented policy tools and environmental policy tools,accounting for 43.56%(44/101)and 51.49%(52/101)re-spectively and supplemented by demand-based policy tools,accounting for 4.95%(5/101).In the policy cycle management dimension,policy implementation was given the first place,accounting for 77.23%(78/101),fol-lowed by policy planning(11.88%,12/101),policy supervision(6.93%,7/101)and policy evaluation(3.96%,4/101).Demand-based,supply-based and environmental policy tools were involved in the dimension of policy cycle management.Conclusions The distribution of the latest policy tools for the in-depth patriotic sanita-tion campaign in China is reasonable and closely combined with the policy characteristics of the campaign.It focu-ses on supply-oriented and environmental policy tools,and covers the whole cycle management dimension of policy planning,implementation,supervision and evaluation,which can provide a strong policy guarantee for the in-depth development of the patriotic sanitation campaign.In the future,we need to strengthen the application of de-mand-based policy tools.