科学资源分配中的“马太效应”——以2008—2018年NIH研究领域经费资助为例

The Matthew Effect in the Distribution of Scientific Resources--A Case Study of Funding for NIH Research Areas from 2008 to 2018

科学资源分配中的“马太效应”是科学体制运行的客观结果。研究以NIH为例,通过对NIH研究领域2008—2018年期间经费资助的数据进行统计分析,发现NIH研究领域经费资助中存在“马太效应”,并以“优势积累效应”表现出来,通过“棘轮效应”发挥作用。以此为基础,进一步讨论了“马太效应”在科学资源分配中的作用,以期为应对“马太效应”的负面影响,以及完善我国科学资源分配制度提供启示。

The“Matthew Effect”in the distribution of scientific resources is the objective result of the operation of scientific system.This article takes NIH as an example and makes statistical analysis on the funding data of NIH research areas from 2008 to 2018.There is“Matthew Effect”in the funding of NIH research areas,which is presented as“cumulation advantage effect”and plays a role through“ratchet effect”.On this basis,this article further discusses the role of“Matthew Effect”in the distribution of scientific re⁃sources in order to provide enlightenment for dealing with the negative impact of“Matthew Effect”and improving China's scientific re⁃source distribution system.