医药科技投入、产业结构与居民医疗支出

Pharmaceutical Science&Technology Investment,Industry Structure and Residents’Medical Expenses

1990—2020年,我国医疗服务水平极大提升,但卫生总费用及人均卫生费用分别增长了95.57倍和77.21倍,医药费用快速增长引起人们普遍关注。医药产业发展及其科技投入是影响医药卫生费用的关键因素,通过理论分析影响机理,构建居民医疗支出的函数模型,运用2000—2020年大量数据,借助计量模型分析发现:我国医药科技投入、医药产业集中度、环境保护投资等对卫生费用和医疗保健支出增长速度具有显著的抑制效应,医药进口金额对人均卫生费用、医疗保健支出增速有正向影响。建议合理引导我国医药及器材行业集中度,提高企业研发能力和科技投入效率,加强进口医药采购统筹,加大环保投资,改善生活环境,提升医疗资源配置效率,降低人均卫生费用和医疗支出增长速度。

During the period of 1990 to 2020, China’s medical service quality has lifted greatly but the health expenditure and health expenditure per capita also have grown by 95. 57 times and 77. 21 times respectively, and the rapid growth of medical expenses attracted great popular attention. The development of pharmaceutic industry and R&D investment are the key factors influencing medical expenses. Guided by theoretical analysis, function model of residents’ medical expenses has been built. Applying the large amount of data of 2000-2020, analysis by measurement model shows that China’s pharmaceutical science and technology investment, pharmaceutical industry concentration, environmental protection investment, etc. have significant inhibiting effect on the growth rate of health expenditure and health care expenditure per capita, while the pharmaceutical import and main income of middle & large pharmaceutical enterprises makes positive effect on the growth rate of the health expenditure and health care expenditure;the amount of pharmaceutical imports has a positive influence on the growth rate of health expenditure per capita and health care expenditure. The suggestions are properly lifting pharmaceutical and equipment industry concentration, enhancing enterprises’ R&D capacity and science & technology investment efficiency, strengthening medical procurement coordination, increasing investment on environmental protection, improving living environment, and improving the efficiency of medical resources allocation, etc. to reduce the growth rate of health expenditure per capita and health expenditure.