大蒜心腐病菌室内防治药剂筛选

Screening of Fungicides Against Bacterial Heart Rot of Garlic in Laboratory

【目的】筛选大蒜心腐病菌高效防治药剂。【方法】在市场上收集抗生素类、噻二唑类和有机铜类等三类杀菌剂中对细菌性病害有防治效果的药剂14种,依次采用含毒介质法、琼脂扩散法和盆栽进行试验,研究其对大蒜心腐病菌的防治效果。【结果】供试的14种药剂中有10种药剂在参试浓度范围内对大蒜心腐病菌有抑制效果,抑菌活性最高的是四霉素、中生菌素和春雷霉素,MIC分别为0.20 mg/L、50.00 mg/L和100.00 mg/L;琼脂扩散法测定结果表明,10种药剂在参试浓度范围内仅四霉素处理产生抑菌圈,毒力回归方程为y=0.6853x-1.3208,R2=0.9926。选择四霉素按照160 mL·100 kg^(-1)大蒜种子的用量拌种用于盆栽试验,处理后12 d和36 d的防治效果分别为65.59%和43.41%。【结论】四霉素拌种可用于大蒜心腐病菌的防治。

【Objective】To screen effective fungicides to control bacterial heart rot of garlic.【Method】The 14 fungicides with control effect on bacterial diseases were collected from the market,including antibiotics,thiadiazoles and organic coppers.The toxicity tests against P.fluorescens were compared by applying the toxic media method,agar diffusion method and pot experiment,to study the control effect on bacterial heart rot of garlic.【Result】The results showed that 10 of the 14 fungicides had inhibitory effects on bacterial heart rot of garlic in the tested concentration range.Among them,tetramycin,zhongshengmycin and kasugamycin had the highest inhibitory activity,with MICs of 0.20mg/L,50.00mg/L,and 100.00 mg/L,respectively.However,when measured in accordance with the agar diffusion method,only tetramycin had inhibitory activity within the tested concentration range,and its toxicity equation being y=0.6853x-1.3208,R2=0.9926.In the pot experiment,chose the tetramycin followed the amount of seeds dressing of garlic seeds by 160 ml·100 kg^(-1),on the 12th and 36th days the control effects were 65.59%and 43.41%,respectively.【Conclusion】Tetramycin can be utilized in the control of bacterial heart rot of garlic.