下一代益生菌作用机制及功能特性研究进展

Progress on Mechanism and Functional Characteristics of Next Generation Probiotics

高通量测序等技术在肠道微生态领域的发展加速了我们对肠道微生物组成和功能的了解,扩大了新发现菌成为潜在益生菌的范围。第一代益生菌主要是乳酸菌、酵母菌和芽孢杆菌等,主要作用是预防和保健。下一代益生菌(NGPs)是指目前还未被纳入饲料工业生产的,当给予足够的剂量时,能通过特定途径和调节特性对机体健康产生影响,可预防和治疗机体代谢障碍或改善宿主健康功能的活性微生物。下一代益生菌主要的候选菌群有拟杆菌属、嗜黏蛋白阿克曼菌和产丁酸菌等。本文就下一代益生菌的候选菌群、作用机制、功能特性和安全评估进行综述,进一步明确下一代益生菌在调控肠道微生物区系平衡和调节宿主新陈代谢、缓解炎症反应、改善动物腹泻等方面的作用,为下一代益生菌的开发利用提供参考。

The development of high-throughput sequencing and other technologies in the field of intestinal microecology has accelerated our understanding of the composition and function of intestinal microorganisms,and expanded the scope of newly discovered bacteria as potential probiotics.The first generation of probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria,Saccharomyces and Bacillus are mainly used for prevention and health care.Next-generation probiotics(NGPs)are live microorganisms that have not been brought into the feed industry at present,they can affect the health phenotype through specific ways and regulatory characteristics,and can prevent and treat metabolic disorders or improve the health function of the host when given enough doses.The main candidate flora includes Bacteroides,Akkermansia muciniphila(AKK)and butyrate-producing bacteria.In this paper,the species,mechanisms,functional characteristics and safety assessment of next-generation probiotics were reviewed,and the role of next-generation probiotics in regulating the balance of intestinal microflora,regulating host metabolism,relieving inflammation and diarrhea was further clarified for the development and utilization of next-generation probiotics in feed industry.