补饲发酵酸奶对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化和粪便菌群的影响

Effects of Supplementing Fermented Yoghurt on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestion and Fecal Flora of Weaned Piglets

本试验旨在研究补饲乳酸菌发酵酸奶对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化和粪便菌群的影响。试验选用36头30日龄初始体重为(9.83±0.07) kg的断奶公猪,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复(栏),每个重复2头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮;发酵酸奶组在基础饲粮的基础上每日每头仔猪补饲3顿(07:00、12:00和17:00)酸奶,其中低剂量发酵酸奶组仔猪每顿40 mL,高剂量发酵酸奶组仔猪每顿80 mL。试验期14 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,高剂量发酵酸奶组断奶仔猪第14天体重及第8~14天平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),第1~7天平均日增重有提高的趋势(P=0.058);低剂量发酵酸奶组和高剂量发酵酸奶断奶仔猪第8~14天平均日采食量均显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,高剂量发酵酸奶组断奶仔猪第7天血清白蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),第14天血清尿素氮含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,高剂量发酵酸奶组断奶仔猪干物质表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,第3天时,低剂量发酵酸奶组断奶仔猪粪便中沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P<0.05),高剂量发酵酸奶组断奶仔猪粪便中乳酸菌数量呈现增高的趋势(P=0.08)。5)在属水平上,与对照组相比,高剂量发酵酸奶组断奶仔猪粪便菌群中柯林斯菌属(Collinsella)和光冈菌属(Mitsuokella)的相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),而孪生球菌属(Gemella)、不可培养肉杆菌科(uncultured Carnobacteriaceae)、韦荣氏球菌属(Veillonella)、Negativibacillus、副萨特氏菌属(Parasutterella)、理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group)的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05);同时,高剂量发酵酸奶组和低剂量发酵酸奶组肠杆菌属(Enterorhabdus)、Paludicola和链球菌属(Streptococcus)的相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Muribaculum的相对丰度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。高剂量发酵酸奶组独有操作分类单元(OTU)数量最多,其中[Eubacterium] oxidoreducens group和瘤胃球菌属gauvreauii群([Ruminococcus] gauvreauii group)为优势菌属。综上所述,补饲发酵酸奶能够提高断奶仔猪生长性能和干物质表观消化率,提高断奶后3 d粪便中柯林斯菌属和光冈菌属等有益菌属的相对丰度,降低韦荣氏球菌属和副萨特氏菌属等潜在致病菌的相对丰度以及沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌数量。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing fermented yoghurt on the growth performance,nutrient digestion and fecal flora of weaned piglets.Thirty-six 30-day-old weaned piglets with initial body weight of(9.83±0.07)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 2 pigs per replicate.Piglets in the control group were fed a basal diet,those in the low-dose fermented yoghurt group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 40 mL yoghurt three times(07:00,12:00 and 17:00)per day per pig,and those in the high-dose fermented yoghurt group were fed the basal diet supplemented with80 mL yoghurt three times per day per pig.The experiment lasted for 14 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the body weight of weaned piglets on day 14 and the average daily gain in days 8 to 14 in the high-dose fermented milk group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the average daily gain in days 1 to 7 tended to be increased(P=0.058);the average daily feed intake of weaned piglets in days 8 to 14 in the low-dose fermented yogurt group and high-dose fermented yogurt group was significantly increased(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the serum albumin content of weaned piglets in the high-dose fermented yogurt group was significantly increased on day 7(P<0.05),and the serum urea nitrogen content was significantly decreased on day 14(P<0.05).3)Compared with control group,the dry matter apparent digestibility of weaned piglets in the high-dose fermented yogurt group was significantly increased(P<0.05).4)Compared with the control group,on day 3,the number of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in feces of weaned piglets in the low-dose fermented yogurt group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the number of lactic acid bacteria in feces of weaned piglets in the high-dose fermented yogurt group showed an increasing trend(P=0.08).5)At the genus level,compared with the control group,the relative abundances of Collinsella and Mitsuokella in fecal flora of weaned piglets in the high-dose fermented yogurt group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Gemella,uncultured Carnobacteriaceae,Veillonella,Negativibacillus,Parasutterella and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the relative abundances of Enterorhabdus,Paludicola and Streptococcus in the high-dose fermented yogurt group and low-dose fermented yogurt group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the Muribaculum relative abundance was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The operational taxonomic unit(OTU)number in the high-dose fermented yogurt group was the largest,in which the[Eubacterium]oxidoreducens group and[Ruminococcus]gauvreauii group were the dominant genera.In conclusion,supplementing fermented yoghurt can improve the growth performance and dry matter apparent digestibility of weaned piglets,increase the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Collinsella and Mitsuokella,and reduce the relative abundances of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Veillonella and Parasutterella and the numbers of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in the feces on day 3 after the weaning.