全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊生长性能、养分表观消化率和血液指标的影响

Effects of Whole Plant Rice and Spent Mushroom Substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus Co-Fermented Feed on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Blood Indices of Liuyang Black Goats

本试验旨在研究全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料对浏阳黑山羊生长性能、养分表观消化率和血液指标的影响,为全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料的开发提供理论依据。试验选取27只体重为(15.53±2.22) kg的浏阳黑山羊,根据性别相同、体重相近原则随机分成3个组,每组3个重复,每个重复2母1公共3只羊;各组饲粮分别为65%混合精料+35%全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料(Ⅰ组)、65%混合精料+35%全株水稻青贮料(Ⅱ组)、65%混合精料+35%全株玉米青贮料(Ⅲ组)。其中,全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料中全株水稻与平菇菌糠的比例为83∶17(干物质基础)。试验预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)各组山羊干物质采食量之间无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅰ组平均日增重最高,为121.11 g/d,较Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别提高了58.62%(P<0.05)和18.33%(P>0.05);Ⅰ组料重比最低,为5.20,较Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别降低了27.07%(P<0.05)和12.01%(P>0.05);Ⅰ组总能和钙的摄入量最高,分别为10 425.33 kJ/d和7.37 g/d,显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。2)Ⅰ组总能和酸性洗涤木质素的表观消化率显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。3)Ⅰ组血液血红蛋白含量显著低于Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。4)Ⅰ组血清白蛋白含量显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,与全株水稻青贮相比,全株水稻与平菇菌糠共发酵料可提高浏阳黑山羊平均日增重,降低料重比,同时还可提高血清白蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶活性。

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of whole plant rice and spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus co-fermented feed on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility and blood indices of Liuyang black goats,and to provide a theoretical basis for the exploitation of whole plant rice and spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus co-fermented feed.According to the same sex and similar body weight principle,twenty-seven Liuyang black goats with a body weight of(15.53±2.22)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group and 3 goats of 2 females and 1 male per replicate.Goats in groupⅠwere fed 65%concentrate+35% whole plant rice and spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus co-fermented feed,meanwhile the goats in groupsⅡandⅢwere fed 65%concentrate+35% whole plant rice silage and 65%concentrate+35% whole plant corn silage,respectively.The ratio of whole plant rice to spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus in co-fermented feed was 83∶17(DM basis).Following 10days for diet adaptation and the trial itself lasted for 60 days.The results showed as follows:1)there was no significant difference in the dry matter intake of goats among 3 groups(P>0.05).The average daily gain in groupⅠwas the highest at 121.11 g/d,which was increased by 58.62%(P<0.05)and 18.33%(P>0.05)compared with groupsⅡandⅢ,respectively.The feed to gain ratio in groupⅠwas the lowest at 5.20,which was decreased by 27.07%(P<0.05)and 12.01%(P>0.05)compared with groupsⅡandⅢ,respectively.The intakes of gross energy and calcium in groupⅠwere the highest at 10425.33 kJ/d and 7.37 g/d,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in groupⅡ(P<0.05).2)The apparent digestibility of gross energy and acid detergent lignin in groupⅠwas significantly lower than that in groupⅡ(P<0.05).3)The blood hemoglobin content in groupⅠwas significantly lower than that in groupⅢ(P<0.05).4)The serum albumin content in groupⅠwas significantly higher than that in groupⅡ(P<0.05),and the serum alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher than that in groupsⅡandⅢ(P<0.05).The serum highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol content in groupsⅠandⅡwas significantly higher than that in groupⅢ(P<0.05).To sum up,under the conditions of this experiment,compared with whole plant rice silage,whole plant rice and spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus co-fermented feed can increase the average daily gain,reduce the feed to gain ratio,and enhance the serum albumin content and alkaline phosphatase activity of Liuyang black goats.