京津冀地区乡村发展格局演化规律与发展路径

Evolution patterns and development paths of rural areas in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

乡村地域系统分类识别和演化过程研究是现代人文地理学的重要主题,对指导乡村振兴与乡村地区可持续发展具有重要意义。本文通过多维度的乡村发展指标矩阵和耦合协调度模型,探究2001—2018年京津冀地区乡村发展类型、空间格局和演变规律,提出不同类型乡村发展的路径对策。研究表明:(1)平原-山区分异塑造了京津冀地区乡村类型分异的基本格局——山区分布着生态优先型乡村,发展过程中其乡村类型并未改变;华北平原分布着农业限制型、平均型和综合型乡村,其乡村发展过程遵循“点-轴”系统的演化规律。(2)高原山区的乡村综合发展度保持恒定,平原地区乡村综合发展度变化较大。“以城带乡”发展模式是华北平原乡村综合发展度变化的主要原因,城市规模和城乡距离是华北平原乡村分异的重要影响因素。(3)乡村发展路径和战略制定应当分类分区、因地制宜。大城市周边综合型乡村有能力探索更高水平的发展模式,多数生态优先型乡村在生态化发展过程中会经受转型阵痛,邯郸、石家庄等地的乡村有较大的发展空间。京津冀地区乡村振兴进程中应重点关注冀东南、冀东北部分欠发达地区的乡村衰败问题。

Classification and evolution process recognition of rural regional system are important topics in modern human geography,which are of great significance for guiding rural revitalization and regional sustainable development.Based on a multi-dimensional rural development indication matrix and coupling coordination model,this study explored the types,spatial and evolutionary patterns of rural development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from2001 to 2018,and proposed countermeasures targeting at different rural types.The results show that:(1)Plain-highland differentiation shapes the basic pattern of rural types in the BeijingTianjin-Hebei region.Eco-type rural areas are located on highland,with no change in their rural types of evolution.The North China Plain includes rural areas of agri-restricted type,average type and integrated type,where the rural development process follows the point-axial system theory,with rural areas gradually evolving from agri-restricted type to integrated type.(2)The comprehensive development degree(CDD)of highland rural areas remains constant,while the CDD of plain rural area changes considerably.“City supporting countryside”mode is the main reason for the changes of CDD.Urban size and urban-rural distance are important factors of rural differentiation.(3)The formulation of rural development strategy should be classified and adjusted to local conditions.Integrated type of rural areas around big cities are capable of exploring higher-level development paths.Most eco-type rural areas will suffer from transition pains in ecological development.Rural areas in cities such as Handan and Shijiazhuang have large developing spaces.In the process of rural revitalization in the BeijingTianjin-Hebei region,more attention should be paid to the rural decline in some underdeveloped areas in northwestern and northeastern Hebei.