亚太经合组织旅游流网络结构演化及影响因素

The evolution and influencing factors of APEC tourism flow network structure

以亚太经合组织(APEC)21个国家(地区)为研究对象,构建2008—2018年APEC旅游流网络,运用SNA方法和QAP方法,对旅游流网络结构演化及其影响因素展开分析。结果表明:(1)APEC旅游流网络密度持续增加但仍旧较低,网络结构尚不稳固。网络中心化趋势有所减弱,旅游供给市场更加多元。(2)APEC旅游流网络节点间中心性水平差异明显,形成了以中国、美国为首的第一梯队,以日本、韩国为代表的第二梯队,以新西兰、俄罗斯为代表的第三梯队。(3)APEC旅游流网络的核心—边缘结构显著且具有稳定性,核心区节点间的旅游互动最为频繁,边缘区对核心区的反哺效应明显。(4)区位要素是影响APEC旅游流网络结构的主要因素,经济发展水平、旅游资源禀赋、旅游基础设施等要素对APEC旅游流网络结构演化的影响有所下降,而对外开放程度对优化APEC旅游流网络结构的作用有所上升。

Taking 21 APEC countries(regions)as the research object,this paper constructs the APEC tourism flow network from 2008 to 2018,and analyzes the evolution and influencing factors of the tourism flow network structure in SNA and QAP methods.The results show that:(1)The density of APEC tourism flow network continues to increase,but still at a relatively low level,and the network structure is not stable.The trend of network centralization has weakened,and the supply market is more diversified.(2)There are obvious differences in the centrality level among nodes of APEC tourism flow network,forming the first echelon led by China and the United States,the second echelon represented by Japan and South Korea,and the third echelon represented by New Zealand and Russia.(3)The core-edge structure of the APEC tourism flow network is significant and stable.The tourism interaction between the nodes in the core area is the most frequent,and the feedback effect of the edge area on the core area is obvious.(4)The location has always been the key factor affecting the tourism flow network structure.The influence of economic development level,tourism resource endowment and tourism infrastructure on the tourism flow network structure has decreased,while the influence of the degree of opening to the outside world on the tourism flow network structure has increased.