从凤山书院学田契约文书看学田的经营与使用

The Operation and Use of the Land of Fengshan Academy from the Perspective of Fengshan Land Contract Documents

创建于嘉庆十二年(1807)的普安直隶厅①凤山书院,遗留下一组学田买卖相关文献,为了解学田经营及管理提供了真实资料。研究发现:凤山书院学田来源除官民捐赠外,书院自主购置学田是保持经济稳定的主要方式;书院除将学田出佃收取地租外,还通过放贷将每年盈余交给商家经营而收取利息,这两种方式成为其收益的途径及经费来源;书院社会性支出不少,而支付方式单一,折射出凤山书院经济并不宽裕的境况;但与其他书院比较,甚至较之上一级的府级书院,凤山书院运行的常费仍较为优裕。

Fengshan Academy of Pu’an Zhili(Administration)Ministry,was founded in 1807,with part of its land contracts left which provided real information for understanding the operation and management of academy land.It is found that part of its land was donation from the government and the people;the academy’s purchased land was the main force to maintain economic stability.In Fengshan Academy,income and fund came from land rental and interest by lending the annual surplus to other business operations.The academy with a lot of social expenditures,and single payment method,was not economically well-off,but compared with academies of higher level of Fu,the regular fee for the operation of Fengshan Academy was still relatively favorable.