菜用豌豆资源农艺性状遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Agronomic Traits in Vegetable Pea Germplasm Resources

【目的】了解144份菜用豌豆种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性,筛选优异资源,为我国菜用豌豆资源创新和利用提供材料基础和理论依据。【方法】利用SPSS 22.0、Popgene 1.32和MEGAX等软件对144份菜用豌豆资源的34个农艺性状进行遗传变异系数、遗传多样性指数、聚类分析和主成分分析。【结果】144份菜用豌豆种质资源34个性状的变异系数为4.653%(生育日数)~79.115%(食用类型),平均变异系数为34.896%,其中食用类型的变异系数最大,为79.115%;变异范围方面,质量性状变异范围较小,数量性状变异范围除单荚粒数(3~9)较小,其他性状的变异范围比较大;在遗传多样性指数方面,主茎结荚层数最高(2.0652),复叶叶型最低(0.2146),平均遗传多样性指数为1.2182;变异系数、变异范围及遗传多样性指数三者不具有统一性,供试资源性状间差异较大,遗传变异丰富;主成分分析中,主要信息集中在前6个主成分中,累计贡献率72.971%;聚类分析中,在欧式距离0.08处将参试资源分为7个类群,各类群分别包括2份、5份、17份、43份、24份、8份和45份资源,每个类群具有一定的性状优势,其中第Ⅱ类群的资源高产优势显著。【结论】144份菜用豌豆种质资源具有广泛的遗传变异和丰富的遗传多样性,筛选到大粒、多荚、高产、长荚和宽荚等具有特异性状的种质资源13份,可作为菜用豌豆种质资源创新利用的优异资源库。

【Objective】This study was conducted to understand the genetic diversity of 144 vegetable pea genetic resources and evaluate the vegetable pea resources for improving the efficiency of vegetable pea breeding programs in China.【Method】A total of 34 agronomic traits of 144 vegetable pea resources were analyzed for genetic diversity by using cluster analysis and principal component analysis.【Result】The results showed a high level of genetic diversity among these vegetable peas which could be utilized as the major traits for excellent cultivar breeding.The coefficient variation(CV)of 34 traits of the tested germplasm ranged from 4.653%(growth period)to 79.115%(use),with an average coefficient variation of 34.896%.The variation range of qualitative traits was low,but the variation range of most quantitative traits was high.The average genetic diversity index of 34 traits was 1.2182,of which layer numbers of main stem pod(2.0652)was the highest and the lowest was leaf type(0.2146).The coefficient variation,variation range and genetic diversity index were not related.In this study,the principal components of 18 quantitative traits were also analyzed and the results showed that the accumulation indices of the top six principal components was up to 72.971%.Cluster analysis showed that 144 vegetable pea resources were classified into 7 groups with significantly different traits.The resource numbers of each group were 2,5,17,43,24,8 and 45,respectively.The groupⅡhad high yield traits,providing useful resources for hybridization breeding.【Conclusion】The 34 agronomic traits of 144 vegetable pea resources showed extensive genetic variation and abundant genetic diversity.35 germplasms were identified with bigger seed,more pods per plant,higher yield,longer and wider pod etc..The excellent resources in our results will contribute innovative utilization in hybridization breeding of vegetable pea.