18份大豆品系在中国南方地区的适应性评价

Adaptability Evaluation of 18 Soybean Lines in Southern China

本试验采用国家大豆改良中心广东分中心的18个大豆品系,在广东广州、广西南宁和湖南长沙三个不同的试验地点种植,分析不同生态环境对大豆农艺性状、产量、品质的影响,并对供试品系在不同区域的适应性进行评价,结果表明:18份品系在长沙种植的平均株高、平均百粒重、平均单株粒重均显著高于广州与南宁,平均粗蛋白含量显著高于广州,但平均粗脂肪含量显著低于其他两地;通过相关性分析发现,品系粗蛋白含量与粗脂肪含量在个试验地点均呈显著负相关,说明二者难以兼顾,育种过程种应有取舍或平衡;三个试验点影响产量的主要性状均包含单株粒数,其他性状如株高、百粒重等对产量的影响在三地并不相同,培育南方广适高产的大豆品种,应首先关注单株粒数;对产量和品质综合评价,粤夏110和粤夏114在广州、南宁、长沙三地产量高、品质好,表现稳定,适应性好。

18 soybean lines from Guangdong Sub-center of National Soybean Improvement Center were planted in Guangzhou,Nanning and Changsha to analyze different ecological environment effects on agronomic traits,yield and quality of soybean,and evaluate the adaptability of tested lines in different regions.The results showed that the plant height,100-grain weight and grain weight per plant of 18 lines in Changsha were significantly higher than those in Guangzhou and Nanning,and the crude protein content was significantly higher than that in Guangzhou,but the crude lipid content was significantly lower than that in other two places.Correlation analysis showed that crude protein content and crude fat content were significantly negatively correlated in all three regions,indicating that it was difficult to give consideration to both,and there should be a trade-off or balance in breeding process.Grain number per plant was a main factor affecting yield in the three regions,but other characters such as plant height and 100-grain weight showed different effects on yield in the three regions.So we should first pay attention to grain number per plant in the cultivation of soybean varieties with wide adaptability and high yield in South China.Comprehensive evaluation of yield and quality showed that Yuexia 110 and Yuexia 114 had high yield,good quality,stable performance and good adaptability in Guangzhou,Nanning and Changsha.