一年生作物旱地土壤取样方法研究

Study on Soil Sampling Techiques in Annual Crop Dryland

【目的】为了准确测定出一年生作物旱地土壤的养分含量,精准施肥管理,减少农业面源污染。【方法】本研究通过肥效试验,比较作物两种土壤采样方式(窝间和行间)不同施肥方式及不同高度作物的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质、pH值。【结果】作物窝间和行间土壤取样法对土壤养分检测结果影响很大。不同施肥方式和高度作物的土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾都是窝间比行间取样法高;不同施肥方式方面,干施+水施的碱解氮、有效磷、pH与干施的碱解氮、速效钾和水施的pH,其窝间与行间差异都达显著以上;不同高度作物方面,矮秆作物的碱解氮、速效钾和高秆作物的pH,其窝间与行间差异都达显著。【结论】旱地如蔬菜等一年一熟或一年多熟窝(穴)植密植作物,在作物成熟后翻耕前取土样,其窝间与行间取样检测结果有差距,建议旱地一年生作物土壤取样方法以采集作物窝间和行间中间位置相同点数和数量的土样。

【Objective】To measure soil nutrients accurately,manage fertilization precisely,and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution.【Method】Soil sampling method was specially studied by fertilizer effect test in field.Soils in the nest and row middle of crops were sampled and detected in each fertilizer efficiency test,and group data from different fertilization methods and crops at different heights were compared and analyzed.【Result】Soil nutrient detection results of different soil samples from nests and rows were very different.The contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P and available K under different fertilization methods and different crop heights were different,and the nutrients in nests were higher than that in rows;alkaline hydrolyzable N,available P and pH in dry application+water application treatment,alkaline hydrolyzable N and available P in dry application treatment,and pH in water application treatment had significant differences between nests and rows;alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P in dwarf crops,and pH in high stalk crops had significant differences between nests and rows.【Conclusion】In dryland,where close-growing crop like vegetables planted in nests(holes)once or more a year,soil samples were collected before ploughing after crop maturation.The results of sampling detection between nests and rows were different.Collect soil samples with the same amount at the same points in the middle position between nests and rows of crops.This sampling method also has important reference to fertilizer effect test.