谷子功能基因发掘现状及展望

The current situation and perspective of functional gene discovery in foxtail millet

谷子是起源于我国的古老粮食作物,在约1万年前由青狗尾草驯化而来,是人类最早驯化栽培的禾谷类作物。作为北方旱作生态农业建设的主体作物和应对未来极端气候条件的战略储备作物,谷子抗旱、耐贫瘠、适应性广等特性使其在当前的种植业结构调整中起着重要作用。谷子也因其具有自花授粉、单穗结实多、染色体倍性简单(二倍体)、基因组小、属于C_(4)作物等特征,已被认为是最适合的C_(4)光合作用及耐逆分子遗传学研究的禾谷类模式作物。此外,我国拥有最丰富的谷子种质资源及领先的谷子遗传育种研究,因此对这些种质及基因资源的充分发掘及合理利用,对我国谷子产业的发展具有深远意义及重要影响。本文综述了近年来谷子农艺及产量性状、品质性状、氮磷吸收转运及抗逆等方面的研究进展,并对存在的问题及未来的发展趋势进行了讨论和展望,以期推动我国谷子的科研创新水平及产业发展。

Foxtail millet(Setaria italica)is an ancient food crop originated in China.It is the earliest cultivated cereal crop domesticated from its wild ancestor,green foxtail(Setaria viridis)about 10000 years ago.As the main crop in the construction of dryland ecological agriculture in North China and a strategic reserve crop to deal with the extreme climate conditions in the future,foxtail millet plays an important role in the current adjustment of planting structure due to its characteristics of drought resistance,barren resistance and wide adaptability.Foxtail millet has also been considered as the most suitable model crop for the study of C_(4) photosynthesis and molecular genetics of stress tolerance because of its characteristics of self-pollination,more seeds per panicle,simple chromosome ploidy(diploid),small genome and belonging to C_(4) crop.In addition,China has the most abundant germplasm resources and the leading researches on genetics and breeding of foxtail millet.Therefore,the full exploration and rational utilization of these germplasm and gene resources has far-reaching significance and important impacts on the development of millet industry.In this paper,the research progress of agronomy and yield characters,quality characters,absorption and transport of nitrogen and phosphorus,and stress tolerance of foxtail millet were reviewed,and the existing problems and future development trend were discussed and prospected in order to promote the innovation level of scientific research and industrial development of foxtail millet in China.