北京奥林匹克森林公园南园春季鸟类多样性研究

Bird diversity in southern section of Beijing Olympic Forest Park in spring

[目的]北京奥林匹克森林公园作为北京城市建成区北部最大的绿地,周边高度城市化,其发挥着重要的生态作用,成为包括鸟类在内野生动物栖息地。但前人对奥森公园鸟类多样性鲜有研究。以奥森公园南园作为研究区,开展鸟类多样性调查研究,有助于了解城市绿地鸟类群落结构,衡量城市生态环境变化。[方法]春季是鸟类迁徙的季节,适宜开展鸟类多样性调查。在2019年春季,采用样线法对研究区鸟类种类和数量调查5次。选取鸟类活动频率较高的清晨作为调查时段。对调查结果进行生物多样性测度统计和数据分析。[结果]经过调查,共记录到野生鸟类13目、30科、50种,6180只个体。国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类共2种:凤头蜂鹰、红隼。国家“三有”保护鸟类包括苍鹭、池鹭等41种。小䴙䴘、绿头鸭、大斑啄木鸟等18种鸟类是研究区的优势种;灰斑鸠、珠颈斑鸠、普通雨燕等3种鸟类在研究区为普通种;其它29种为稀有种。研究区鸟类Shannon多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数分别为2.168和0.554,对比分析其他研究,从公园面积、季节差异、留鸟鸟情等因素进行了探讨。[结论]提出围绕“生态平衡”科学制定园林养护补植方案,围绕“招引鸟类”开展必要的人工辅助和开展科学宣传,讲好生态故事,营造良好风尚的鸟类保护建议。

[Objective]As the largest green space in the northern part of Beijing urban built-up area,Beijing Olympic Forest Park is highly urbanized and plays an important ecological role as a habitat for wildlife including birds. However,the bird diversity in the Park was rarely studied. Taking the southern section of Beijing Olympic Forest Park as the research area,the investigation and research on bird diversity will help to understand the bird community structure in urban green space and measure the changes of urban ecological environment.[Methods]Spring is the season of bird migration,which is suitable for conducting bird diversity survey. From March to June 2019,the species and number of birds in the study area were surveyed five times using the transect method. The early morning with higher frequency of bird activity was selected as the investigation period. Biodiversity measurement statistics and data analysis were performed on the survey results.[Results]As the result,13 orders,30 families,50 species and 6180 individuals of wild birds have been recorded,in which two species named Pernis ptilorhynchus and Falco tinnunculus are ranked as National Class Ⅱ Key Protection Birds,and 41 species including Ardea cinerea,Ardeola bacchus,etc. are ranked as Nationally protected species with the useful or important economic,scientific research value of terrestrial wildlife. There were 18 species belonging to dominant species included Tachybaptus ruficollis,Anas platyrhynchos,Dendrocopos major,etc,and three species belonged to common species including Streptopelia decaocto,Streptopelia chinensis,Apus apus. A total of 29 species were regarded as the rare species. The Shannon Diversity Index and Pielou Uniformity Index of birds in study area was 2. 168 and 0. 554,respectively. At the same time,the comparison and analysis were conducted with the research results of other studies from the park area. The seasonal differences,resident bird species and other factors were discussed. [Conclusion]This paper puts forward some suggestions on the protection of the birds which are essential to carry out the necessary artificial assistance and scientific propaganda,to explain the ecological stories and to create a good fashion around the ecological balance.