嫁接夹切割式自动供给机构的设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Automatic Feeding Mechanism for Grafting Clip

随着设施蔬菜集约化生产模式的不断扩大,市场对蔬菜嫁接苗的需求量越来越大,依靠人工生产嫁接苗难以满足供求,机械化嫁接已经成为提高蔬菜嫁接苗生产能力不可或缺的技术。嫁接夹供给是机械嫁接设备中关键的作业环节,目前嫁接夹供给形式主要有振动供给和切夹供给2种模式。振动供给存在结构复杂、噪声大、供给不稳定等问题,切夹供给结构简单、作业噪声小、供夹稳定。但是,针对不同嫁接作业形式、不同嫁接夹厂家,嫁接夹的断面形状会有所不同,为保证切夹质量和提高切刀使用寿命,有必要依据嫁接夹的断面优化切夹角度和切削速度。本文研发设计了一种嫁接夹切割式自动供给机构,并以茄果类蔬菜嫁接苗用挤压成型嫁接夹坯为作业对象,进行了自动供夹作业参数优化试验。结果表明,切夹速度与切夹角度对嫁接夹合格率有显著影响,当切夹速度为26 cm/s、切夹角度为30°时,切割的嫁接夹有96%长度偏差小于±2 mm,平均作业生产率达到873株/h,可满足实际生产的技术要求。

with the continuous expansion of intensive production mode of protected vegetables,the market demand for grafted vegetable seedlings is increasing,leading to the fact that it is difficult to meet the supply and demand by relying on manual production.Consequently,mechanized grafting has become an indispensable technology to improve the production capacity of grafted vegetable seedlings.Among them,grafting clip feeding is the key operation link in mechanical grafting equipment,Where there currently are two modes:vibration feeding and cutting feeding.There are many problems in vibration feeding,such as complex structure,high noise,unstable supply,etc.Contrarily,the structure of cutting feeding is simple,the operation noise is small,as well as the clip supply is stable.However,the cross-section shape of the grafting clip will be diverse for different grafting operation forms and grafting clip manufacturers.In order to maintain the cutting clip quality and improve the service life of the cutter,it is necessary to optimize the angle and speed of cutting clip according to the cross-section of the grafting clip.Therefore,in this paper,a kind of automatic feeding mechanism for grafting clip is developed and designed,carrying out the parameters optimization experiment of automatic feeding performance with the extrusion grafting clip blank as the working object applicable to eggplant fruit vegetable grafting seedling.The results showed that the cutting speed and cutting angle had a significant impact on the qualification rate of cutting grafting clips.When the cutting speed was 26 cm/s and the cutting angle was 30°,96%of the length deviation of the cutting grafting clips was less than±2 mm,and the average operating productivity reached 873 plants/h,which could meet the technical requirements of actual production.