上海市静安区老年人可摘局部义齿戴用及基牙健康状况的初步调查

A preliminary investigation on the use of removable partial dentures and the health status of abutment teeth in elderly people in Jing'an District of Shanghai

目的初步调查上海市静安区老年患者可摘局部义齿的戴用和基牙健康状况,有针对性地为老年患者提供基牙健康维护建议,提高基牙(余留牙)的存留率。方法参照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方法,对静安区340名60岁及以上老年人进行口腔检查和问卷调查,采用SPSS 21.0软件包进行数据分析。结果可摘局部义齿肯氏Ⅲ类基牙的龋均明显低于肯氏Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅳ类(P<0.05)。有饭后漱口和清洗义齿习惯的老年患者,其基牙患龋率、软垢指数和牙周探诊深度显著低于没有饭后清洁习惯的老年患者。有夜间佩戴义齿习惯的老年患者,基牙牙周方面的损害较夜间取下义齿的老年患者明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。可摘局部义齿戴用时间超过3年以上更易影响基牙健康(P<0.05)。结论在社区口腔健康教育工作中,应指导老年患者掌握正确的可摘局部义齿使用方法和口腔清洁方式,养成定期复查习惯,提高基牙(余留牙)的留存率。

Objective The use of removable partial denture and the health status of abutment teeth of elderly patients were preliminarily investigated in Jing'an District,Shanghai,which aims to provide suggestions for abutment teeth maintenance in elderly patients and improve the retention rate of abutment(residual teeth).Methods According to the method of the Fourth National Oral Health Epidemiological Survey(FNOHES),340 elderly people aged 60 and above in Jing'an District were examined by oral examination.Meanwhile,the statues of wearing removable partial denture and oral health behavior were investigated by questionnaire.The data were analyzed by SPSS21.0 software.Results The statues of wearing removable partial denture and oral health were as follows.The mean decayed missing filled teeth of abutments from patients with Kennedy classⅢwere significantly lower than that of Kennedy classⅠ,Kennedy classⅡand Kennedy classⅣ(P<0.05).The caries prevalence rate,debris index and periodontal probing depth of abutments who had the habit of gargling after meals and cleaning dentures were significantly lower than those without the habit of cleaning dentures after meals in elderly patients.The damage of abutment periodontal area in elderly patients with the habit of wearing dentures at night was more obvious than that of elderly patients with dentures removed at night,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).It was more easily to affect abutment health when wearing duration of more than 3 years(P<0.05).Conclusion In community oral health education,the elderly patients should be guided to master the correct methods of using removable partial denture and oral cleaning and developed the habit of regular follows up to improve the retention rate of abutment(residual teeth).