信贷获取方式与返乡创业企业的扩就业效应——基于全国返乡创业企业的调查数据

The Impact of Home-returning Start-up Enterprises'Access to Credit on the Employment Expansion in Rural Areas:Based on the Survey Data of Home-returning Start-up Enterprises in China

基于2019年2139家全国返乡创业企业调查数据的研究发现:返乡创业企业获取银行信贷和政府扶持信贷能够显著增加其雇佣员工的数量,政府扶持信贷对当地贫困户的扩就业效应更加明显。机制分析发现,企业员工培训在两类信贷与返乡创业企业的扩就业效应之间发挥着中介作用,两类信贷通过提高创业企业员工的培训力度来实现企业的扩就业能力;创业者的企业家精神在员工培训的中介效应中发挥着调节效应,即企业家精神越强,对员工培训的意识越强,创业企业的扩就业能力就越强。异质性分析表明,生存型和发展型返乡创业企业获得银行信贷支持能显著增加本地农民工的就业数量,发展型和价值型返乡创业企业获得政府扶持信贷后,前者能显著带动本地农民工的就业数量,后者能显著带动贫困户就业;东部地区返乡创业企业获得银行信贷支持能显著扩大本地农民工的就业数量,中部地区返乡创业企业获得政府扶持信贷后扩就业效应更加明显。建议地方政府充分发挥不同信贷政策的扩就业效应,结合本地返乡创业企业的特点,实施差异化、精准化、协同化的信贷政策,提升返乡创业企业的扩就业能力,促进农村地区实现共同富裕。

Based on the survey data of 2139 national home-returning start-up enterprises in 2019,this pa-per studies the impact of home-returning start-up enterprise'access to bank credit and government support credit on the expansion of employment in rural areas under China's rural revitalization strategy.It is found that the number of employees employed by enterprises can be significantly expanded by home-returning start-up enterprises to obtain credit and government support credit support,while the employment expansion effect of government support credit on local poor households is more obvious.Mechanism analysis shows that em-ployee training plays an intermediary role between the two types of credit and the employment expansion effect of home-returning start-up enterprises;the two types of credit will lead to the employment expansion capacity of enterprises by improving the training of employees;the entrepreneurial spirit of entrepreneurs plays a“regulatory effect”in the intermediary effect of employee training,that is,the stronger the entrepre-neurial spirit,the stronger the awareness of employee training,and the stronger the employability of entre-preneurial enterprises.The heterogeneity analysis indicates that the survival type and development type of home-returning start-up enterprises can significantly expand the employment of local migrant workers by ob-taining bank credit support,and the employment expansion effect of development type of home-returning start-up enterprises receiving government support is more obvious;the home-returning start-up enterprises in China's eastern region can significantly expand the employment of local migrant workers with bank credit sup-port,and the employment expansion effect of the home-returning start-up enterprises in the China's central region with government support and credit support is more obvious.Therefore,it is suggested that local gov-ernments should give full play to the employment expansion effect of different credit policies,and implement differentiated,accurate and collaborative credit policies in combination with the characteristics of home-re-turning start-up enterprises,so as to improve the employment expansion capacity and promote common pros-perity in rural areas.