浸灰、浸酸和铬鞣工序排放废水的消除

The Elimination of Effluent from Liming,Acid/Salt Pickling and the Chromium Tanning Processes

铬鞣革的化学加工过程中,浸灰、浸酸和鞣制是污染物产生的主要工序。这些排放的污染物包括生物负荷、悬浮固体、硫化物、氮、铬、盐和待处理的污泥以及加工过程中由于效率低下而未吸收的化学品。为了从源头上减少浪费,人们做了许多尝试,但常用的技术几十年来基本上没有改变。本文详述了一种影响深远的方案来解决这些技术问题。通过在3家制革厂现场独立收集的信息进行研究。自2013年以来,每周大约生产60000张来自美国、欧洲和澳大利亚的盐湿皮。本文详细介绍了这种全新的制革方法。宝斯卡公司对这项技术进行了初步研究和开发,在工业引进之前进行了5年的开发,包括建造一个完整的蓝湿革制造工厂,该技术的实用性和价值已在2011年开始的制革厂的连续大规模生产中得到验证。该技术涉及在循环系统中完全保留和回收浸灰、浸酸和鞣制中用过的废液,并取消相关的水洗过程。这种循环系统是基于从这些关键生产阶段吸收化料、显著减少用水量并且零排放废水。

It is acknowledged that within the chemical processing of hides into chrome-tanned leather that the liming,acid pickle and the tanning processes are the major contributors of pollutants.This is in terms of biological load,suspended solids,sulfide,nitrogen,chromium,salinity and the resultant sludges for disposal.This loading includes unused chemicals that are discharged from these processes due to their poor process efficiencies.Many attempts have been made to lessen this waste at source,but technologies in common use have basically remained unchanged for decades.Solutions to these problems are far reaching,and the details set down in this paper describe a technology that addresses and resolves these matters.This information was compiled through independent on-site studies within three major tanneries,where approximately 60000 wet-salted US,European and Australian hides per week have been processed since 2013.Accordingly,this paper describes in detail this radical new approach to leather manufacture.The initial investigations and developments of this technology by BIOSK involved the building of a full scale wetblue manufacturing plant,and five years of developments before introduction to industry.The practicality and value of this technology has since been verified by continuous full scale manufacture by tanners that commenced in 2011.The technology involves the complete retention and recycling of used floats from liming,pickle and tanning in self-contained loops,and eliminates associated washing cycles.This is the base for the complete uptake of processing chemicals,a significant reduction in water use,and zero effluent discharged from these critical manufacturing stages.