“导/教”矛盾与张骏祥的《蜕变》《以身作则》排演

The Contradiction“between Directing and Teaching”and ZHANG Junxiang's Directing of Metamorphosis and Set an Example

张骏祥离美归国后,以教师身份于1940年完成了头两个本土导演作品。导《蜕变》失利,主因在张忽视、回避“导/教”矛盾;而后选排笑剧《以身作则》,即有意解此矛盾,他巧用教师身份,借教学手段包装创作诉求、整合校内资源,故成功。处理“导/教”矛盾,是演剧艺术、演剧教育的恒久课题。教师应结合自身能力、根据学生现有条件,调整“导演/教师”定位重心,在因材施教的前提下,追求既定目标。这或许是张骏祥八十年前在剧校(专)的“导/教”经验、教训,带给后人的启发。

After returning from the United States,ZHANG Junxiang,working as a teacher,directed his first two works in China in 1940.The main reason for his failure in directing Metamorphosis lied in his neglect and evasion of the contradiction“between directing and teaching”.Then he chose to direct the farce Set an Example with an eye to resolving such contradiction.With a skillful use of his position as the teacher,he packaged his creation demands in teaching and integrated the resources of the Academy,which brought him success.It is a permanent subject of theatre art and theatre education to deal with the contradiction.The teacher should take into consideration the students'condition and his own ability to strike a balance between the role of a director and that of a teacher,and try to achieve his goal on the premise of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.This may be the inspiration that we get from ZHANG's experience of“directing and teaching”in the National Academy of Dramatic Arts 80 years ago.