戏剧革命的衍化——生活剧团的文化旅行与残酷戏剧实践

Changes of Theatre Revolution:A Case Study of the Living Theatre's Cultural Tours and Performance of Theatre of Cruelty

生活剧团是美国最早受到残酷戏剧理论影响的先锋戏剧团体之一。1960年代剧团曾经“自愿流放”欧洲,他们的阿尔托式戏剧实践与投身“红色60年代”的社会活动并行不悖,促成了残酷戏剧的“回输”及其在欧洲的复兴,在戏剧史和文化政治史上影响深远。但剧团在1968年返回美国后,他们的戏剧活动却遭遇尴尬。这一特殊现象关系到剧团的政治观念与残酷剧论的兼容性、戏剧实践方式的变化、文化政治语境的改变。考察生活剧团的文化旅行和戏剧实践,有助于看清戏剧革命实现其潜能的方式与障碍。

The Living Theatre was among the earliest American avant-garde theatrical companies exposed to the influence of Antonin Artaud's Theatre of Cruelty.In their voluntary“exile”to Europe,the Living Theatre's performance of Theatre of Cruelty and their socially engaged activities in the“Red 1960s”promoted each other,contributing to a positive feedback loop of Theatre of Cruelty from the United States to Europe and its thriving in European theatre,which was historically meaningful in theatre and cultural politics.However,it is noteworthy that a variety of factors,which consist of the incompatibility of pacifist anarchism and Theatre of Cruelty,the development of the Living Theatre's performance,and the change of the cultural and political context,may have been responsible for the embarrassment the company was faced with after coming back from Europe in 1968.Examining the cultural tours and theatrical practice of the Living Theatre will help to see the ways and obstacles of the theatre revolution to realize its potential.