博物馆知识产权保护与公民文化权利实现的冲突和平衡

The Conflict and Balance Between Intellectual Property Rights Protection of Museums and Realization of Cultural Rights of Citizens

博物馆知识产权属于博物馆私权。博物馆知识产权的不当扩张,有可能使社会利用博物馆智力成果成本增加、利用率降低,并使公众接触博物馆资源的机会减少,进而影响公民文化权利的实现。博物馆知识产权制度建设应体现“公共领域保留”的法律原则,为知识产权在基本文化服务和非基本文化服务两类应用中分别设置管理规定,以制度激励创新;并通过民事合同合理规避有争议知识产权的使用风险、提高知识产权保护的技术手段等实践策略,为知识产权保护背景下的公民文化权利实现提供积极作用。

The intellectual property rights of museums are parts of the private property rights of the museum.Improper expansion of the intellectual property rights of museums may lead to increasing cost of social utilization of intellectual achievements of museums as well as reduced usability and reduced access to museum resources for the public,thus affects the realization of public cultural rights.The intellectual property rights system construction of museums shall embody the legal principle of“reservation of the public domain”,set separate regulations for the application of intellectual property in basic cultural services and non-basic cultural services,and practice strategies such as encouraging institutional innovation,reasonably avoiding the use risk of disputed intellectual property through civil contracts,and improving the technical means for intellectual property protection.It can play a positive role in the realization of citizens’cultural rights under the background of intellectual property rights protection.