明代彩漆描金柜的制作工艺研究

Study on Techniques of the Black Lacquer Cabinet with Colored and Gold-Painted Design in Ming Dynasty

故宫博物院收藏的明代彩漆描金柜是皇帝巡狩时存贮衣服的专用衣柜,各面均饰龙戏珠纹,富丽堂皇,集描漆、嵌螺钿等多种漆工艺于一体,是一件精美绝伦之作,具有极高的研究价值。本文从龙纹造型特点、装饰风格等几个方面对髹漆图像进行研究,结合文献和实践工作复原了描彩漆、嵌螺钿、描金、嵌金银等工艺。为解决工艺研究中的材料问题,本文采用拉曼光谱技术(Raman)、广域X射线荧光扫描成像技术(MA-XRF)对文物进行了无损分析,结果表明彩漆使用朱砂、群青、石绿和铅白调和而成,装饰材料为金、银、螺钿。该研究对彩漆描金柜后期的保护修复及此类明代家具和漆器制作工艺研究具有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义。

The black lacquer cabinet with colored and gold-painted design in Ming Dynasty collected in the Palace Museum was a storage device for the emperor’s clothes during his travels.Each surface is decorated with dragon playing with a ball,rich and magnificent.It combines coloring,mother-of-pearl inlay and other painting techniques into one.It is an exquisite masterpiece with high research value.This paper studied the painting image from the aspects of dragon design and decorative style.Combined with literature and practice,coloring,mother-of-pearl inlay,gold painting,gold or silver inlay and other techniques were restored.In order to solve the problem of raw material in the process research,Raman spectroscopy and scanning Marco X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging(MA-XRF)were used to non-destructively analyze the raw materials and production process of cultural relics.The results showed that the colored lacquer was composed of cinnabar,ultramarine,mineral green and lead white.Gold,silver and mother-of-pearl were used in the decorative material.This study has a certain amount of reference value for the later protection and restoration of the lacquer cabinet and the research on the production technology of this type of furniture and lacquer wares in Ming Dynasty.