深旋耕土壤高速气雾消毒联合作业机研制与试验

Development and test of high⁃speed aerosol disinfection machine by deep rotary tillage method

为了克服土壤中病菌影响农作物生长,提出一种将土壤深旋耕和土壤消毒的联合作业方法,并研发制造了实物样机.对本机传动系统进行设计,利用锥齿轮换向传动,7个圆柱直齿轮与水平夹角成15°人字形布置;其次对消毒结构设计,将药管从中空刀轴上方接入,通过刀轴旋转将药液扩散至土壤深层,同时设有表面喷药杆用于土壤表面施药;针对深旋耕功耗和牵引阻力大的问题,选用混合型因素、混合型水平均匀设计表U8(8^(2)×4^(2))和LS⁃DYNA对立式旋耕单刀辊切土过程进行虚拟仿真试验,刀辊的转速从100 r·min^(-1)依次按间隔100 r·min^(-1)取8个值,其运动速度从0.1 m·s^(-1)依次按间隔0.1 m·s^(-1)取8个值.刀片的形状分别为曲线形、矩形、三角形和弯扭状,旋耕刀排列方式为4对相邻两刀片螺旋角成90°、60°两种以及3对相邻两刀片螺旋角成90°、60°两种共4个水平.虚拟仿真试验结果表明:选用曲线形旋耕刀,排列方式采用3对旋耕刀且同一螺旋线上相邻两刀片螺旋角为90°的排列方式时,刀辊的切土扭矩最小,此时刀辊的运动速度对扭矩影响很小.田间试验结果表明:该样机最大耕深达到320 mm,耕深稳定性系数为94.484%,消毒均匀度为92.554%,而传统人工表面施药均匀度仅为72.546%,因此采用该样机可较好地实现土壤深耕和消毒的要求.

To overcome the influence of soil bacteria on crop growth,the combined operation method of deep rotary tillage and soil disinfection was put forward,and the prototype was developed and manufactured.The transmission system of the machine was designed.Bevel gears were used for reversing transmission,and seven cylindrical spur gears were arranged in herringbone shape with included angle of 15°to the horizontal.For the design of disinfection structure,the medicine tube was connected from the top of hollow knife shaft,and the medicine night was diffused to the deep soil layer by the rotation of knife shaft.The surface spraying rod was provided for applying medicine on the soil surface.To solve the problems of high power consumption and traction resistance of deep rotary tillage,the mixed factors and mixed horizontal uniform design table of U8(8^(2)×4^(2))and LS⁃DYNA were selected to carry out virtual simulation test on the soil cutting process of vertical rotary tillage with single cutter.The rotating speed of cutter was taken with 8 values at intervals of 100 r·min^(-1) from 100 r·min^(-1),and the moving speed was taken with 8 values at intervals of 0.1 m·s^(-1) from 0.1 m·s^(-1).The blades were curved,rectangular,triangular and twisted shapes,respectively.The arrangement of rotary tillage blades was four pairs of adjacent blades with helical angles of 90°and 60°,and three pairs of adjacent blades with helical angles of 90°and 60°,which were four levels in total.According to the results of virtual simulation test,the data of cutter roller running resistance and cutter roller cutting torque are obtained.When the curved rotary blades are selected for the arrangement of three pairs of rotary blades with the helix angle of two adjacent blades on the same helix of 90°,the cutting torque of the cutter roller is the smallest,and the movement speed of the cutter roller has little influence on the torque.The field test results show that the maximum tillage depth of the prototype is 320 mm with the stability coefficient of tillage depth of 94.484%and the uniformity of disinfection of 92.554%,while the uniformity of traditional artificial surface application is only 72.546%.The proposed prototype can meet the requirements of deep tillage and disinfection of soil.