组织驻留记忆T细胞在抗结核分枝杆菌感染中的研究进展

Research progress in tissue-resident memory T cells in treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

结核病(tuberculosis,TB)是由结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)感染引起的一种严重威胁人畜健康的传染性疾病,目前仍然是全球十大致死率疾病之一[1]。据WHO报告指出:由于这两年受到COVID-19大流行的影响,TB患者的数量大幅度下降,但由于多重耐药、共患病等因素的上升以及对TB诊断、预防和服务支出的下降,导致TB的预防和治疗现状变得更加棘手[2-3]。据不完全统计,全球目前有近四分之一的MTB潜伏感染者,这部分感染者免疫力下降后,就可能发展为活动性TB患者。由此可见,结核病发生发展与机体免疫应答功能密切相关。

Tuberculosis,caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection,poses a huge challenge to global health.The occurrence and development of tuberculosis depends on immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in-cluding cellular immunity and humoral immunity.Cellular immunity plays an important role in the immune process of anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Recent studies have identified a third subset of memory T cells,called tissue-resident memory T cells(T_(RM)).CD4^(+)T_(RM),CD8^(+)T_(RM),Treg T_(RM)and NKT T_(RM)were identified as the subsets of T_(RM).All of them permanently reside in the peripheral tissues after infection by pathogenic bacteria.CD4^(+)T_(RM)cells and CD8^(+)T_(RM)cells play critical roles in the immune response to tuberculosis.Here we review the types and functions of T_(RM)in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection,providing new targets and ideas for the study of tuberculosis vaccines.