小麦化肥减量增效研究

Study on Quantity-Reduction and Efficiency-Increase of Chemical Fertilizer for Wheat

通过田间小区试验和室内考种分析,研究适于小麦生长的硅包衣有机无机复混肥和复合微生物肥料在养分含量比常规小麦专用肥减少20%和37%的肥料试验效果。结果表明,施用硅包衣有机无机复混肥的肥效,在养分含量较常规肥料养分减少20%的情况下,产量没有降低,还改良了土壤环境,土壤脲酶活性降低,土壤磷酸酶活性提高;复合微生物肥料,养分含量减少了37%,产量略有下降,但差异不显著,且土壤环境有所改善,所以开发生产并施用在保证作物产量的前提下,又能减少对环境影响的新型肥料,能够减少资源浪费,提高土壤肥力,是实现减肥增效的有效方法之一。

Through field trials and laboratory test analysis,the effect of the silicon-coated organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and compound microbial fertilizer suitable for wheat,which reduced the nutrient content by 20%and 37%compared with conventional wheat special fertiliz-er,was studied.The results showed that applying silicon-coated organic-inorganic compound fertilizers did not reduce the yield when the nutri-ent content was reduced by 20%compared with conventional fertilizers.Moreover,the soil environment was also improved,the soil urease ac-tivity was reduced,and the soil phosphatase activity was increased.Applying compound microbial fertilizer,which the nutrient content was re-duced by 37%,the yield was slightly reduced,but the soil environment has improved.Therefore,the development,production and application of the new type fertilizer that could reduce the impact on the environment while ensuring the crop yield could reduce the waste of resources,improve soil fertility.It is one of the effective methods to achieve quantity-reduction and efficiency-increase of chemical fertilizer.