矮败小麦技术体系在黄淮冬麦区南片抗赤霉病育种中的应用

Application of dwarf-male-sterile wheat in breeding program for Fusarium head blight resistance in Southern Yellow-Huai Rivers Valley Winter Wheat Region

矮败小麦是一个便利的杂交育种工具材料。我们在育种实践中不断对矮败小麦技术体系进行改进,改进后的矮败小麦技术体系包括创制矮败小麦骨干亲本、围绕骨干亲本构建大规模有限回交育种群体、分子标记辅助选择、单倍体育种应用和异地加代技术几项主要内容。利用该技术体系,以黄淮冬麦区高产抗赤霉病为主要育种目标进行了育种实践,成功将抗赤霉病基因Fhb1快速导入黄淮冬麦区小麦品种遗传背景,比常规育种方法提前2~3年育成了高产、中抗赤霉病、适宜黄淮冬麦区种植的小麦新品系,显著提高了高产抗赤霉病育种效率。

The dwarf-male-sterile(DMS)wheat has been used as a convenient cross breeding tool.We have upgraded DMS wheat breeding system,which included as follows:(1)development of a series of DMS wheat parental near-isogenic lines by backcrossing the DMS wheat with elite wheat parental varieties;(2)establishment of a large-scale backcrossing population by crossing the DMS wheat parental near-isogenic lines to the cultivars(lines)with the traits of interests in the breeding program;(3)application of marker-assisted selection for the major target genes;(4)induction of DMS double-haploid(DH)lines using maize pollen pollination;and(5)approach of shuttle breeding for off-season traits evaluation.By applying this system,we successfully introduced the Fusarium head blight(FHB)resistance gene Fhb1 into the genetic background of elite wheat varieties in Yellow-Huai River Valley Winter Wheat Region of China.A number of high-yielding and FHB resistance wheat lines were developed with 2–3 years in advance comparing with conventional breeding method.This method significantly increased the breeding efficiency and has a great potential for wheat breeding program.