不同基因型燕麦产量差异与叶片生理特性的关系

Relationship between yield differences of different genotypes of oats and leaf physiological characteristics

为了解燕麦穗花形成过程中叶片生理特性对产量的影响,本试验于2020年和2021年,以9个不同来源、熟期、穗型、株型、小穗数的品种为试验材料,采用方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法,对不同基因型燕麦产量差异与叶片生理特性的关系进行分析。结果表明:不同品种间,抽穗期各生理指标存在显著差异,通过聚类分析,将供试的9个品种分为高产和低产品种两类,其中高产品种较低产品种的籽粒产量显著高73.61%~4.78%;高产品种的GA_(3)、ZR、IAA含量、SPS、SS活性、净光合速率、叶片蔗糖含量、干物质积累量、穗部蔗糖同化效率的整体水平均优于低产品种;其中,GA_(3)含量、SPS活性和净光合速率较低产品种显著高49.17%~13.70%、33.29%~4.43%、87.88%~5.72%。结果表明,结实小穗数、穗粒数、叶片赤霉素含量、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性和净光合速率对高产品种的产量形成影响最为显著。说明可将增加结实小穗数、穗粒数作为提高产量的突破口,适当开“源”、延缓叶片衰老以保证酶和激素的活性,对燕麦获得高产有积极影响。

To understand the effects of leaf physiological characteristics on yield during flowering process in oats,this experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021,using nine varieties with different sources,maturity,ear type,plant type,and number of spikelets as experimental materials,and variance analysis,principal component analysis,cluster analysis,and other methods are used to analyze the relationship between the yield differences of different genotypes of oats and the physiological characteristics of leaves.The results showed that there were significant differences in the physiological characteristics of different varieties.The grain yield of high-yield varieties and lower-product varieties was significantly higher by 73.61%to 4.78%.The contents of GA_(3),ZR,IAA,SPS,SS activities,net photosynthetic rate,the overall level of leaf sucrose content,dry matter accumulation,and ear sucrose assimilation efficiency was better than those of low-yield varieties.Among them,the lower GA_(3) content,SPS activity,and net photosynthetic rate product varieties were significantly higher by 49.17%to 13.70%,33.29%to 4.43%,and 87.88%to 5.72%.The results showed that the number of spikelets,the number of grains per spike,the content of gibberellin in leaves,the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase,and the net photosynthetic rate had the most significant effects on high-yielding varieties.These results indicated that increasing the number of bearing spikelets and the number of grains per ear can be used as a breakthrough to increase yield,appropriately opening the“source”and delaying leaf senescence to ensure the activity of enzymes and hormones,which had a positive impact on yield in oat.