豆科作物氮素高效利用机制研究进展

Research progress on nitrogen efficient utilization mechanism of leguminous crops

工业氮肥的使用一定程度上满足了农作物高产的需求,但过量施用带来严重的环境生态问题,如何利用生物固氮提供的绿色高效氮素部分代替工业合成氮肥是当前研究的热点。虽然共生固氮体系效率较高,但肥料氮和根际微生物群落可能对结瘤固氮体系的利用产生消极影响。为此,本文从制约共生固氮体系高效利用的关键因素,即土壤有效氮含量及根际微生物群落入手,梳理了豆科植物-根瘤菌共生体系的建立及其对外源氮的响应以及根际微生物群落与根瘤菌共生效率的关系,总结分析了氮素高效利用的生理分子机制,通过优化调控技术提高氮素利用率,为豆科作物氮素高效利用提供理论支持。

Application of industrial nitrogen fertilizer to a certain extent satisfied the high-yield demand of crops,but its excessive application might bring serious environmental and ecological problems.How to use the green and high efficiency nitrogen provided by biological nitrogen fixation to replace industrial synthetic nitrogen is a hot topic.Although the efficiency of symbiotic nitrogen fixation system is high,fertilizer nitrogen and rhizosphere microorganisms might have negative effects on the utilization of nodulation nitrogen fixation system.Therefore,starting with the key factors restricting the development of symbiotic nitrogen fixation,namely,the content of soil available nitrogen and rhizosphere microbial community,the establishment of symbiosis system of legume plant-Rhizobium was summarized,as well as the response of external nitrogen,the relationship between rhizobia community and rhizobia symbiosis efficiency were summarized and analyzed.The physiological and molecular mechanism of nitrogen efficient utilization was also analyzed.The optimal control technology was proposed to improve the nitrogen utilization rate and provide theoretical support for the efficient utilization of nitrogen in legume crops.