北部产区长林系列油茶良种果实品质研究

Research on fruit quality of Changlin series of Camellia oleifera in northern production area

油茶(Camellia oleifera)是我国第一大木本食用油料树种。为了选择适宜北部产区推广应用的油茶品种,以河南省光山县、新县和安徽省金寨县3个试验地的8个长林系列油茶品种(长林3号、4号、18号、23号、27号、40号、53号、55号)为材料,对果实性状进行测定,通过主成分分析筛选综合品质优良的品种。结果表明:(1)不同试验地对鲜果果径和鲜果出籽率的影响显著,对鲜果质量、鲜果果高、鲜籽质量的影响极显著;(2)不同试验地对茶油脂肪酸各组分含量的影响不显著;(3)不同品种在鲜果质量、鲜果果高、鲜果果径、鲜籽质量、鲜果出籽率、干出仁率、干仁含油率等指标上差异极显著;(4)不同品种在茶油脂肪酸各组分含量上差异不显著,长林53号的不饱和脂肪酸含量均值最大;仅从不饱和脂肪酸的角度分析,金寨县的长林53号表现优良;(5)通过主成分分析可知,仅考虑第一主成分,长林55号评价值(0.935)最高;各试验地排名依次为:金寨县(1.103)>光山县(0.032)>新县(-1.153)。综合评价认为,在北部油茶产区,长林53号、长林4号、长林18号和长林55号的果实性状综合表现较其它4个品种优良,可作为该产区优先推广应用的良种。

Camellia oleifera is the largest edible oil tree species in China.In order to select C.oleifera varieties for popularization and application in northern producing areas,8 Changlin series(Changlin 3,4,18,23,27,40,53,and 55)from Henan Province(as in Guangshan County,and Xin County)and Anhui Province(as Jinzhai County)were used as materials.Fruit traits were determined and varieties with better comprehensive quality were screened by principal component analysis.Results showed that:different sites had significantly effects on fruit diameter and seed yield of fresh fruits,and had very significantly effects on fresh fruit weight,fruit height and fresh seed weight.However,different sites had no significant effect on contents of fatty acid in camellia oil.There were significant differences in fresh fruit weight,fruit height,fruit diameter,fresh seed weight,fresh fruit seed yield rate,dry kernel oil content among varieties.There was no significant difference in the contents of fatty acids in camellia oil among different varieties,and the average content of unsaturated fatty acids in Changlin 53 was the largest.Only from the perspective of unsaturated fatty acids,Changlin 53 in Jinzhai County showed better performance.According to the principal component analysis,only considering the first principal component,Changlin 55 has the highest evaluation value(0.935).The ranking of the experimental sites was as follows:Jinzhai County(1.103)>Guangshan County(0.032)>Xin County(-1.153).The comprehensive evaluation showed that Changlin 53,Changlin 4,Changlin 18 and Changlin 55 had better fruit traits than the other 4 varieties in the northern C.oleifera production area,and could be used as the superior varieties for priority popularization and application in this area.