《民法典》评注的技术运用与知识创新

Technical Application and Knowledge Innovation of Commentary of the Civil Code

《中华人民共和国民法典》的颁布与生效是我国法律史上的大事,相应地,“民法典评注”也必须提上日程,在法学理论、司法活动以及法学教育等方面这种评注的开展是必然的,同时鉴于民法典本身已经颁布,加之我国民法学界和民事司法实务界近年来的发展,通过法教义学方法去对民法典的文本、体系和法理的揭示也是可行的,且有法学方法论的具体操作方法指导。就技术方面来看,要严格遵守法教义学的法律渊源和法律解释理论,坚持从文本出发,以“注”为主,兼顾立法者意图与立法客观目的,以“注”带“评”,也要协调各方资源,把理论学说、经典判例加以整合,更要坚持官方统一评注,鼓励私人评注,完善学科教材体系和普法宣传资料体裁。可以说“民法典评注”是功在千秋的重要之事,既是一种史无前例的实践,也是一个砥砺各方智识,形成法律共同体的通说的重要机会,更是向世界展示中国当代法文化的基本环节,不仅在学术理论上有积极作用,更有强化民族法律自信的政治功效。

As the promulgation of The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China and its taking effect are big events in our country’s history of law,the“commentary on the Civil Code”must be on the agenda accordingly.This kind of commentary is a certainty in fields of legal theory,judicial activities,and the law education.At the same time,since the Civil Code itself has been issued,and along with the development of our country’s academic of civil law and the circles of civil judiciary and practice in recent years,it is feasible to reveal the text,system and legal theory of the civil code by the method of legal dogmatics,with the guidance of specific operational methods of jurisprudence methodology.Naturally,this work will be“right at the moment”,but will never be completed.That is,once started,it is perpetual,and it needs the perseverance of many generations of scholars to continue to develop.Therefore,viewing from the technical aspect,it is imperative to strictly abide by the theories of legal source and legal interpretation of legal dogmatics,insist on proceeding from the text,and give priority to the“annotation”,taking both legislators’intentions and objective purpose of legislation into account and leading“comment”with“annotation”.We need to coordinate all resources,and integrate theoretical doctrines and classic cases.What’s more,we should adhere to the unified official commentary and encourage personal commentary,to improve the textbook system of disciplines and the genres of propaganda materials of publicizing laws.It can be said that the“commentary of civil code”is a significant event that will benefit our future for centuries.It is both an unprecedented practice,and an important opportunity that can sheer the intellects of all parties to form the general theories among legal community.It is a basic link to show contemporary Chinese legal culture to the world as well,which not only plays a positive role in the academic theory,but also has the political efficacy of strengthening national legal confidence.