碳中和目标法治化的理论逻辑、现实障碍与突破路径

Theoretical Logic,Practical Obstacles and Breakthrough Path for the Legalization of Carbon Neutrality

实现碳中和是全球范围内一场广泛而深刻的经济社会系统性变革。在法治已成为我国核心发展战略的背景下,实现碳中和目标的多元化路径终将汇入法治化之路。以法治基本原理为依托构建了“价值—体系—制度”理论分析框架,为发现和解决实现碳中和目标所面临的问题提供全新的诠释逻辑和研究范式。然而,具体法治实践中实现碳中和目标同时面临价值引导异化、体系架构不合理以及相关法律制度缺位三重障碍。为此,碳中和目标的法治化实现可以从三方面着手:确立绿色发展理念,贯彻落实“保护优先”原则;健全绿色低碳法律体系,形成“核心层引领、重点层支撑、关联层保障”三维布局;创新绿色低碳法律制度,以市场机制为法治手段,统筹、协同各法律制度之功能。

The achievement of carbon neutrality is an extensive and profound economic and social systematic change in the world.The diversified path to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality will eventually converge into the road of rule of law along as law-based governance has become the core development strategy of our country.Based on the basic principles of the rule of law,this paper constructs a three-dimensional analysis structure of“value-system-institution”,which provides a new interpretation logic and research paradigm for finding and solving the problems faced by the goal of carbon neutrality.However,the realization of the goal faces three obstacles:alienation of value guidance,unreasonable system structure and the absence of relevant institution.Thus,the legalization of carbon neutrality can be achieved from three aspects too:establishing the concept of green development and implementing the principle of protection priority;improving the green low-carbon legal system,and forming a three-dimensional layout of“core layer leading,key layer supporting,and related layer ensuring”;innovating the green low-carbon institution,taking the market mechanism as the legal means,and coordinating the functions of various institutions.