抗荷体能训练方案制定及效果评价研究

Study on the design and the evaluation of anti-G physical fitness training program

目的研究制定一套提高力量耐力的抗荷体能训练方案,并进行效果评价研究。方法依据歼击机飞行员实战化训练的抗荷体能需求,研究制定出一套抗荷体能训练方案,并将HP抗荷动作的呼吸方式融入各训练项目动作中。训练项目主要包括杠铃深蹲、屈腿硬拉、杠铃卧推、斜板卷腹、坐蹬以及呼吸肌训练。8名健康男性志愿者,按照制定的抗荷体能训练方案进行12周训练,每周3 d,隔日训练;每个动作训练4组,训练强度按照"中-高-中-较高"、"中-较高-高-较高"的训练模式实施。测试受试者训练前后抗荷体能相关指标,利用SPSS统计软件对训练前、后的数据进行配对t检验,评价抗荷体能训练方案的效果。结果与训练前相比,训练后受试者的杠铃深蹲、屈腿硬拉、杠铃卧推的1次重复最大力量(1 repetition maximum,1 RM)及10 RM均明显提高(t=6.382~16.767,P<0.01),3个训练项目的10 RM分别平均提高了51.5%、27.6%、46.0%;1 RM分别平均提高了57.7%、34.0%、45.2%。训练后双腿负重加倍的条件下斜板卷腹抬腿次数平均增加69.9%(t=7.508,P<0.01);腹肌耐受时间相等时,训练后能够耐受的负重是训练前的2倍。训练后双下肢蹬力力量耐力平均提高188.7%(t=8.213,P<0.01)。训练后呼吸肌最大呼气压力(maximal expiratory pressure,MEP)与最大吸气压力(maximum inspiratory pressure,MIP)分别平均提高了42.4%和19.7%(t=7.361、4.119,P<0.01);呼吸肌力量耐力平均提高了270.0%(t=7.800,P<0.01)。结论本研究提出的抗荷体能训练方案可有效提升与抗荷能力密切相关主要肌群的力量与耐力,对于提升抗荷体能水平效果明显,为进一步在我军歼击机飞行员中试用验证奠定了基础。

Objective To design a set of anti-G physical fitness training program to improve strength tolerance,and further to investigate the effects of anti-G physical fitness training.Methods According to requirement of the fighter pilots’anti-G physical fitness on practical training for actual combat,a set of anti-G physical fitness training program was designed.The same expiratory manner as HP maneuver was applied in every item of the training.The training program included barbell squat training,dead lift training,bench press training,tilt board crunch,seated kick,and respiratory muscle training.Eight healthy male subjects volunteered for the study were trained according to the training program for 12 weeks.The strength training was undertaken on 3 separate days per week.Four intensities of the training were performed along with the medium-highest-medium-higher or medium-higher-highest-higher modes.The indicators related to the level of anti-G physical fitness of subjects before and after training were tested.Paired test was performed for the statistical assessment of the anti-G physical fitness level with SPSS software.Results Compared with those before training,1 repetition maximum(1 RM)and 10 RM of barbell squat,dead lift,and bench press after training were significantly increased respectively(t=6.382-16.767,P<0.01).10 RM of the 3 items increased respectively 51.5%,27.6%,and 46.0%.1 RM of the three items increased respectively 57.7%,34.0%,and 45.2%.The number of leg-raising times of tilt board crunch significantly increased(t=7.508,P<0.01),which increased 69.9%under double load of the legs after training.When the tolerance time of abdominal muscle was equivalent,the load of the legs after training was double load before training.Strength tolerance of pedal force of lower limbs significantly increased 188.7%averagely(t=8.213,P<0.01)after training.Maximal expiratory pressure(MEP)and maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP)averagely increased 42.4%and 19.7%respectively(t=7.361,4.119,P<0.01)after training.Strength tolerance of respiratory muscle averagely increased 270.0%(t=7.800,P<0.01)after training.Conclusions The anti-G physical fitness training program can effectively improve the strength tolerance of the main muscle groups correlated to anti-G ability.The effect of the program on improving the level of the subjects’anti-G physical fitness is obvious,which establishes the basis of applying the program for verification in fighter pilots.