微塑料污染监测现状与研究进展

Current Status and Research Progress of Microplastics Pollution Monitoring

微塑料(粒径小于5 mm的塑料颗粒和碎片)普遍存在于水体、陆地表层土壤和空气中,严重影响着生态环境安全及人类健康。微塑料污染监测是环境污染治理与生态保护的重要数据基础。首先,在介绍国内外微塑料监测和研究进展的基础上,分析了微塑料污染的来源及其在陆地和水环境中的赋存状态、迁移转化路径。其次,分析了发达国家和地区在微塑料原位监测网布设、样品采集、分析测试和数据模型等方面的技术特征,对国内微塑料监测技术与方法进行了总结。最后,结合现阶段我国在微塑料监测和污染防治方面的不足,初步提出了针对我国微塑料污染监测技术发展和监测体系建设的对策建议,阐述了数据模型方法在微塑料污染监测中的重要作用。研究成果可为我国“十四五”期间微塑料监测网络和监测体系建设等提供参考和借鉴。

Microplastics(plastic particles less than 5 mm)are emerging contaminants in aquatic,soil and atmosphere environments,which is ecotoxicological to human health.A comprehensive microplastics monitoring network is an important data base for environmental pollution control and ecological protection.Based on a review of the domestic and foreign microplastics monitoring and research progress,the origin,transport and current status of microplastics pollution in soil and aquatic environments are analyzed.Then technical characteristics of in-situ monitoring network,sample collection,laboratory analysis and data models for microplastics in developed countries and regions are analyzed,and the microplastic monitoring technologies and methods in China are summarized.Combined with the current knowledge gaps and technical barriers of microplastics monitoring,pollution prevention and control in China,the countermeasures and suggestions for the construction of microplastic pollution monitoring technology and monitoring system are initially put forward,and the important role of the data model method in the monitoring of microplastic pollution is expounded.This paper can provide reference for the development of microplastics monitoring network and monitoring system in China during the“14th Five-Year Plan”period.