中古三类佛教文献四言文体的构成差异

Differences in the Composition of the Four-Character Patterns of Three Types of Buddhist Texts in the Middle Ages

四言格是构成汉译佛典四言文体的基本单位,它存在着两种类型:依附型与独立型。其中,依附型是汉译佛经四言格的主要类型,它的“四字一顿”与句法停顿并不一致,语法或语义不能自足,也不能单独使用,多是与其他四言格连用。在中土文献中,则以独立型为主,它既可以在整句中充当句法成分,也可以在复句中充当分句。就构成四言格的方式来看,主要有加字、连用和省略。就四言格构成语段、语篇的情况来看,在中土文献中,四言格常与其他句式夹杂共现,整个段落夹叙夹议;在汉译佛经中,则存在着通篇由四言格构成的情况。

The four-character-format is the basic unit of the four-character patterns in Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures,and there are two types:dependent and independent.The dependent type is the main type of four-character-format in Chinese Buddhist scriptures,and its“four characters in a row”is not consistent with the syntactic pause,and is not grammatically or semantically self-sufficient.It can be used as a syntactic component in a whole sentence or as a clause in a compound sentence.In terms of the way to form the four-character-format,the addition of words,concatenation and omission are the main ways to form the four-character-format.In addition,according to the composition of the passage,the four-character-format is often mixed with other syntactic forms in Chinese literature,and the whole passage is interspersed with discussion.